Reichsforst (Fichtel)

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The Fichtelgebirge in northeast Bavaria

Position of the Imperial Forest in the Fichtelgebirge

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The Imperial Forest is an extensive ridge with a forest of the same between Wondreb and Röslausenke in the southeast of the Fichtelgebirge and is located in the counties Tirschenreuth and Wunsiedel (Northeast Bavaria). It is 26 km ² the largest contiguous area of ​​basalt of the Fichtelgebirge. Geographically, it belongs to the main unit High Fichtelgebirge (394). Since Sept. 2010, a redesign of the natural areas northeast Bavaria, within which the pitch Brunner basalt field ( with empire forestry ) constitutes a separate natural space exists.

Geography

The boundaries of this landscape in the East of glass Mühlbach and Feisnitz for forest carbon and to the west of the valley Pechbrunn - Groschlattengrün with the A 93 motorway to the Stone Forest. Notable volcano ruins in the Reich Forestry are from east to west: Konnsbühl 613 m, Lehenbühl 620 m, Gommelberg 567 m, Gulgberg 579 m, scattering Leite 582 m, Steinbühl 575 m, Büchlberg 647 m, Hirschentanz 644 m, Elmberg 618 m, Finkenberg 607 m, Price mountain 636 m, 692 m calm mountain, stone hill 677 m, 705 m and Steinberg Arms Stein 672m asl

Topography

Today's Imperial Forest is the rest of the much larger King Forst, which included the forests of Selb, Marktleuthen, Love Stone, Altkinsberg, Arzberg, Seußen, fire and Wölsau. The management of the forest ( hereditary forester Office) entrusted King Albrecht probably in 1306 originating from the Egerlander ministeriality Albrecht VI. Nothaft. 1310 was King Henry VII of Nothafft family supervision of the Reich Forestry. Later parts of the kingdom feud went on to noble lords and the Margrave of Brandenburg- Kulmbach -Bayreuth acquired parts of the forest. Also the pin forest Assen received parts of the Empire Forest. The forested areas of the Imperial Forest are now mainly the Bavarian State responsible is the Forest Enterprise Forest Assen. Labeled by the Fichtel Mountain Club hiking trails lead from the following locations to the basalt surveys: Marktredwitz, fire at Marktredwitz, hiking car park Feisnitzstausee ( Arzberg ) Konnersreuth and Großbüchlberg.

Geology and Botany

In the realm of forest stands on basalt, a tertiary igneous rock, which is part of the Czech Republic reaching into the places of Karlovy Vary and Cheb to northeast Bavaria volcanic zone. The alpine unfolding also sparked there, tectonic movements. In many rock cracks and crevices broke. From the bowels of the earth came glutflüssige magma in the fraction digits ( Basaltvulkanismus ). On the way to the top of the solidified melt flow to basaltic transitions, which often were magnificent columns. In the following year, millions of the outer layers were removed by erosion and thus exposed the harder basalts in the landscape as lava flows ( Empire forestry ) or truncated mountains emerge. On the southern slope of the crest stone, the silver brats, you find basalt. Great importance is the basalt Flora; Mineral wealth ( high lime content ) and a high heat capacity of the soil are reasons for biodiversity. The peak areas are occupied by a sparse deciduous mixed forest. Exceptionally diverse are shrub and herb - grass - layers and 32 rare plants. The summit area of ​​the mountain rest was provided by resolution of the Government of Upper Franconia on 30 March 2001 under protection, the summit of the Coat of Arms Stein has the protection status of a natural monument.

Towns

• Wölsau
• Fire
• Seußen
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• Preissdorf
• Höflas
• Konnersreuth
• Kondrau

• Pleußen
• Großbüchlberg
• Kleinbüchlberg
• Mitterteich

• Pechbrunn
• Groschlattengrün
• Grove Green
• Marktredwitz

Traces of settlement and Old Quarters

On the northwest flank of Stone Mountain in the imperial forest, in the hallway Ruhstatt near the government district boundary, discovered a grove Green Farmer in the fall of 1960 on a large three sides surrounded by forest meadow happen to have a Neolithic settlement site. In a seeking international Neolithic pottery was found. As a non-ceramic artefacts were discovered artifacts of chalcedony and jasper and medieval found objects to light. A reconstructed clay pot is exhibited in Fichtelgebirgsmuseum in Wunsiedel.

From a very old Thoroughfare, who came from the region of Franconia, was over the Reich Forestry, and led to Eger in Bohemia, is reported.

Territorial accessory

Through the Reich Forestry runs since 1810 the border of the Bavarian government districts of Upper Franconia and Upper Palatinate. However, the basalt mountains was centuries earlier a kind border mountains. A first distinction between two dominions took place in 1362. South of the Imperial Forest Stiftland Waldsassen had formed from 1133, which was at least to 1571 politically independent and whose northern border of the Reich Forestry. North of it acquired in 1285 from the Hohenzollern Castle Counts of Nuremberg area parts. A solid definition of the pin state in the Reich Forestry happened when the Cheb district judge Bohuslaw undertook of Swan Mountain in 1362 on behalf of the Emperor a Rainung against the Reich Forestry and boundaries of Reutlas (now part of the city Marktredwitz ) starting to Forchheim ( Outbound settlement two kilometers west stipulated by Pechtnersreuth ) by a moat. This limit remained valid in the following centuries in the Principality of Upper Palatinate, in the Electorate of Bavaria and the Kingdom of Bavaria, when it was also very common with the neighboring Margrave of Brandenburg- Kulmbach -Bayreuth to " Errors" and some border disputes. The final border demarcation took place in 1803, when there limited the Prussian province of Bayreuth to the Kingdom of Bavaria and the partially extant Prussia stones were set. 1810, completed all the border formalities, as the Prussian province after French occupation came to the Kingdom of Bavaria.

The Coat of Arms Stein

In addition to Prussia stones reminiscent of the Coat of Arms Stein of the former border. It is located about a kilometer in a straight line from Groschlattengrün (municipality Pechbrunn, Tirschenreuth ) away on a small basalt cone. We reached the summit of Groschlattengrün on a marked trail (white field, blue horizontal line) is approximately 1.6 kilometers. On the east side of the rock there is the 27 × 27 cm large coat of arms of the Hohenzollern. On the west side, a cross is attached. The first written reference to the Arms Stein is in the land book of Sechsämter of 1499 in the description of the Imperial Forest as "a gros holtz bey two meiln Lanng unnd a Meil prait ". The boundary description reads there: "... and from Atterbrunlein under perg hinauff ann rock, the setting wapen dominion with the black and verzeichent geviertet is ... ". Even in later boundary descriptions notes can be found on the coat of arms. The border ran through the hills of the Imperial Forest, today's government district boundary between Upper Palatinate and Upper Franconia runs north of the Coat of Arms Stein, now located on the Upper Palatinate region. There, take the counties Wunsiedel and Tirschenreuth each other.

Commercial exploitation

The forests of the Imperial Forest wood delivered and served as a sheep pasture. As can be seen from the land book of six offices, forestry servants were hired, who had to watch over law and order. On the northern slope of Stone Mountain, at Green Grove ( part of the city Marktredwitz ), there was in the 19th century pits containing kaolin for porcelain company C. M. Hutschenreuther was dismantled. Around the imperial forest, there was a series of basalt quarries where high quality material was funded ( eg breakage Weider mountain).