Robert I, Duke of Parma
Duke Robert I. Karl Ludwig Maria of Parma from the house of Bourbon ( born July 9, 1848 in Florence, † November 16, 1907 at the Villa delle Pianore in Lucca, Italy ) was the last reigning Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla.
Life
Robert was the eldest son of Duke Charles III. of Parma (1823-1854) and his wife Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of France (1819-1864) from the House of Bourbon, only daughter of the Duke of Berry, Charles Ferdinand de Bourbon and his wife Princess Maria Carolina of Naples and Sicily.
On March 26, 1854, his father, Duke Charles III. Was so dangerously wounded in an assassination attempt by Dagger stitches that he died a day later, after his elder son, was proclaimed as Duke Robert I.. For the still immature Duke 's mother, the sister of the Count of Chambord, the regency took over. Your wise administration put her in person high reputation, but could the fall of the dynasty after the military defeat of the protective power of Austria against France of Napoleon III. and against Sardinia - Piedmont in 1859, not prevent it. In June 1859, the duchess - regent fled with her children in front of the Piedmontese troops to Switzerland and later to Austria. In March 1860, the revolutionaries closed the double Duchy of Parma and Piacenza to the Kingdom of Sardinia, it was 1861 in the new unified state of Italy.
Robert married on 5 April 1869 Castle of San Martino in Lucca his cousin ( 2nd degree ) Princess Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies ( 1849-1882 ), daughter of King Ferdinand II and his second wife Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria. Some children were mentally and physically disabled. This was due to the close relationship to the spouses. From the marriage twelve children were born:
- Marie Louise Pia Theresa Anna (1870-1899) ∞ 1893 Prince Ferdinand I of Bulgaria from the House of Saxe -Coburg and Gotha
- Ferdinand Maria Karl (1871-1872)
- Luisa Maria Annunziata Theresia (1872-1943)
- Albert Heinrich Maria Pius Ludwig Ferdinand Karl Anton (1873-1939)
- Maria Luisa Immaculata Franziska (1874-1914)
- Joseph Maria Franz Peter Paul (1875-1950)
- Pia Maria Theresa (1876-1959)
- Maria Pia Antoinette (1877-1915)
- Beatrice Colomba Maria Immacolata Leonie (1879-1946) ∞ 1906 Count Peter Lucchesi Palli
- Elias Robert Karl Maria Pius (1880-1959) ∞ 1903 Archduchess Maria Anna Isabella of Austria -Teschen
- Mary Anastasia (* / † 1881)
- Augusta (* / † 1882)
His second wife Robert married on 15 October 1884 on Castle Fischhorn near Zell am See, the Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal ( 1862-1959 ), daughter of King Michael I of the House of Braganza and his wife Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein -Wertheim -Rosenberg. The marriage also twelve children were born:
- Adelheid Erika Pia Antonia (1885-1959), a nun as Sister Benedicta
- Sixtus Ferdinand Maria Ignazio Robert Alfons (1886-1934) ∞ 1919 Princess Hedwig de la Rouchefoucauld
- Franz Xaver Karl Ludwig Maria Anna (1889-1977) ∞ 1927 Princess Madeleine of Bourbon- Busset
- Franziska Giuseppa Maria Teresa Sofia Elisabetta Anna Luisa Eulalia Micaela Raffaela Gabriella (1890-1978)
- Zita Maria delle Grazie Micaela Raffaela Gabriella Josepha Antonia Luisa Agnes (1892-1989) ∞ 1911 later Emperor Karl I of Austria - Hungary
- Maria Felix Vincenz (1893-1970) ∞ 1919 Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg
- René Karl Maria Joseph (1894-1962) ∞ 1921 Princess Margaret of Denmark, daughter of Prince Waldemar of Denmark
- Maria Antonia Josepha Sofia Ludovica Micaela Raffaela Gabriella Anna (1895-1977)
- Isabella Maria Anna (1898-1984)
- Ludwig Karl Maria Leopold Robert (1899-1967) ∞ 1939 Princess Maria of Italy, daughter of King Victor Emmanuel III.
- Henrietta Anna Maria Immacolata Ludovica Antonia (1903-1987)
- Gaetano Maria Joseph Pius (1905-1958) ∞ 1931-1955 Princess Margaret Marie Therese von Thurn und Taxis
Quote
Duke Robert was an easygoing man without big ambitions and rulers had come to terms with the loss.
"We are French princes who reigned in Italy "