Rubia
Levantine Madder ( Rubia peregrina ) bloom
The Färberröten or Krappe ( Rubia ) are a genus of plants in the family Rubiaceae. The roots of the species of the genus contain a red dye, from which the so-called madder coatings are obtained.
Description
The Färberröten are herbaceous plants or subshrubs, many species are climbing plants. The shoot axis is usually occupied with rough or spiky hair. The leaves are lanceolate and wirtelständig or obovate with a sharp tip. The stipules of opposite leaves are constantly grow together and form so-called Interpetiolarstipeln.
The hermaphrodite or bisexual, radial symmetry, small flowers are cruciform and are in terminal or axillary cymes. The calyx is reduced, the four or five petals are fused at the bottom of a tube. The crown is capitate or round. The ovary is inferior and consists of two fused carpels, the scar is in two parts. After flowering form zweiknopfig - spherical, two - or one-seeded, not become detached berries.
Dissemination
Färberröten are common in Africa, America, Asia and Europe and are not found in Australia.
System
The subfamily of Rubioideae divided into five tribes, the genus Rubia in the tribe Rubieae and its subtribe Rubiinae stands. As with many genera the inner system is controversial, probably comprises the genus about 60 to 77Arten, which are divided into sections. The following types are certainly distinct species within the genus:
- Asian madder ( Rubia akane ) Nakai
- Indian madder and madder Tibet ( Rubia cordifolia ) L. in the section Oligoneura Pojark.
- Rubia florida Boiss. in the section Campylanthera Pojark.
- Shrubby madder ( Rubia fruticosa ) Aiton
- Rubia horrida ( Thunb. ) Puff in the section Oligoneura Pojark.
- Rubia oncotricha Hand. - Mazz. in the section Oligoneura Pojark.
- Barnacle Krapp also Levantine Madder ( Rubia peregrina ) L.
- Sikkim madder ( Rubia sikkimensis ) Short
- True or madder dyer's madder ( Rubia tinctorum ) L.
These species are uncertain:
- Rubia alaica Pachom.
- Rubia angustifolia L.
- Rubia chinensis Regel & Maack
- Rubia chitralensis Ehrend.
- Rubia cordata Thunb
- Rubia cretacea Pojark.
- Rubia deserticola Pojark.
- Rubia dolichophylla Schrenk
- Rubia jesoensis ( Miq. ) Miyabe & Miyake
- Rubia komarovii Pojark.
- Rubia krascheninnikovii Pojark.
- Rubia laevissima Tscherneva
- Rubia lanceolata Hayata
- Rubia laxiflora Gontsch.
- Rubia leiocaulis Diels
- Rubia linii Chao
- Rubia margaritifera Rich
- Rubia membranous Diels
- Rubia pavlovii Bajtenov & Myrz.
- Rubia podantha Diels
- Rubia polyphlebia Lo.
- Rubia pterygocaulis Lo.
- Rubia rechingeri Ehrend.
- Rubia regelii Pojark.
- Rubia rezniczenkoana Litv.
- Rubia rigidifolia Pojark.
- Rubia salicifolia Lo.
- Rubia schug anica B.Fedtsch. ex Pojark.
- Rubia syrticola Miq.
- Rubia tatarica ( Trevir. ) F.Schmidt
- Rubia tibetica Hook.f.
- Rubia transcaucasica Grossh.
- Rubia yunnanensis ( Franch. ex Diels ) Diels
Etymology
The trivial name madder is obtained from the red dye in the roots. The scientific name Rubia was already in the Latin for the madder plant, and is closely related to the Latin " ruber " ( = red) related. The name was already prepared by Vitruvius and Pliny the Elder. Root is " * rudhio " ( = red) in the Indo-European proto-language.