Russulaceae
Gold Russula ( Russula aurea )
The Täublingverwandten ( Russulaceae ), sometimes also referred to in older literature " Sprödblättler ", are a family of large fungi from the order of Täublingsartigen ( Russulales ).
Features
The Täublingsverwandten include both species with articulated in hat and stem fruiting bodies whose substructure for the fruit layer ( hymenophore ) consists of lamellae, as well as species with tuberous, subterranean fruiting bodies and internal fruit layer ( hymenium ). The color of the spores powder ranges from white to cream to yellowish or ocher. Striking feature is in addition to the often bright, based on water-soluble colors Russupteridinen the typical fracture behavior of the meat ( Trama ) the representatives of the genus Milkcaps and russulas: It breaks cheesy without aufzufasern. This is the structure of the meat, which in addition to normal fungal threads ( hyphae ) also nests of spherical cells ( Sphaerocysten ). Milkcaps listed also Laticiferen, which emerges in violation milky sap. The hyphae of Täublingsartigen do not have buckles on the cross walls ( septa ). The spores are bilaterally symmetrical, elliptical-shaped to almost spherical and show a smooth spot above the Hilarappendix on the otherwise ornamented with warts, spines, ridges or ribs surface. The ornament is stainable with iodine solution.
Ecology
The Täublingsverwandten are mycorrhizal fungi, which are usually associated with rare trees or shrubs with herbaceous plants.
System
The following genera are monophyletic groups within the family:
- Milkcaps 1 ( Lactarius Persoon 1797)
- Milkcaps 2 ( Lactifluus ( Pers.) Roussel 1806)
- Multifurca Buyck & V. Hofstetter 2008
- Russulas ( Russula Persoon 1796)
- Flakes sponge ( Boidinia Stalpers & Hjortstam 1982)
The following genera of species with closed ( angiocarpen ) fruiting bodies are, however, form groups, which actually belong to Russula or Lactarius:
- Milk truffles ( Arcangeliella Cavara 1900)
- Heath truffles ( Cystangium Singer & AH Smith 1960) (?)
- Pseudo deer truffles ( Massee & Rodway Gymnomyces 1898)
- Secotioidtrüffeln ( Macowanites Kalchbrenner 1882)
- Milchstäublinge ( Zelleromyces Singer & AH Smith 1960)