Saar (river)
Saar loop above Mettlach
Template: Infobox River / Obsolete
The Saar (French la Sarre, Latin Saravus ) is a river in France (Alsace, Lorraine) and Germany (Saarland, Rhineland -Palatinate). With a length of 235 kilometers, it is the largest tributary of the Moselle River. The catchment area covers 7,431 square kilometers, of which 3605 km ² in Germany.
The first written mention of the Saar as Saravus can be found in the poem Mosella the Roman poet Decimus Magnus Ausonius and state officials ( 310-393 AD).
- 3.1 Marine 3.1.1 barrages
Geography
Course
The Red Saar ( Sarre rouge ) and White Saar ( Sarre blanche ) are considered as the two source rivers of the Saar. The Saar flows first to a length of over 121 km of Alsace and Lorraine. Between Sarreguemines and Saarbruecken Güdingen the river forms a distance of 11 km, the German -French border. Then 68 km flows through the Saar which was named after her Saarland to Saarhölzbach, then 31 km by Rhineland- Palatinate to Konz, where it flows into the Moselle.
Upper Saar
Red and White Saar arise at Donon, less than 1 km as the crow apart, but unite after around 27 kilometers per flow path at Hermelange south of Sarrebourg. The valleys of the two source rivers are mostly sunk into rocks of red sandstone, lonely and wooded. The source of running the Sarre Rouge is located on the road D44 near a German military cemetery at about 785 meters above sea level. The less accessible source of the White Saar is located near the road D993 from Cirey to Grand Fontaine. She is unmounted, only a sign pointing to it. It is located at an altitude of about 710 meters.
The two source rivers and the combined Saar initially run in the Moselle department ( Lorraine region, German: Lothringen ), for a short distance the department of Bas- Rhin ( Alsace / Alsace ) is traversed. In France, the Saar flows through a rather rural area and in the Saarland a partially shaped by the mining industry area. From Sarrealbe to Sarreguemines (French: Sarreguemines ) the Saar Saar flows parallel to the channel in sight. In Sarreguemines, on the border with Germany, the Assemblies flows as the largest tributary in the Saar, the river flow (in this case 20.9 m³ / s) to 20.7 m³ / s propagated and thus nearly doubled.
Mean Saar
From Saargemünd the Saar is navigable. Until Saarbrücken- Güdingen it forms over a distance of 11 kilometers, the German -French border. In the subsequent large urban conurbation of the Saarland, the banks of the Saar are almost continuously influenced by urban and industrial areas.
Lower Saar
In stark contrast, the narrow valley of the Saar is through the western Rhenish Massif from Merzig. At its beginning, it forms the famous Saar loop at Mettlach. Between Saar castle and Konz the Saar Valley is characterized by numerous former river bends, which dissect the undulating plateau and have left many outstanding mountains. On Wiltinger arc penetrate even the former Talverläufe of the Moselle and Saar, without being successively met there each time. The Moselle once flowed at Wiltingen against the current flow direction of the Saar, but a good 85 feet higher, to the southeast by the so-called Konz valley. Its places are today but the Saar assigned as a wine growing region. In addition to the Wiltinger arch and the lower Leukbachtal at Saar castle has been artificially shortened, creating a 18-meter- high waterfall originated in the city.
Tributaries
Among the tributaries, the Saar belong with orographic map ( left side / right side) and - if known - reference to watercourses 2nd order (II, Saarland internal assignment ), length and catchment area ( downstream considered ):
Left tributaries:
- ( Ruisseau de ) Gondrexange ( Etang de Gondrexange ); 19.3 km, 101.0 km ²
- Country Bach ( Etang du Stock ), 18.1 km, 73.2 km ²
- Naubach ( Grand Etang de Mittersheim ), 23 km, 85.8 km ²
- Albe, 33.3 km, 409.8 km ²
- Rossel (II ), 38 km
- Have (II ), 26 km
- Nied (II ), 114 km
- Leukbach, 15 km, 87.9 km ²
- Gollersbach
- Wolfbach
- Nonnenbach
- Salzbach
- Grundbach
Rights tributaries:
- Bièvre, 24.8 km, 98 km ²
- Isch, 27 km, 154 km ²
- Acorn, 32.4 km, 288.5 km ²
- Ache, 15.4 km, 49.0 km ²
- Blew (II ), 99.5 km, 1889 km ²
- Saarbach
- Rohrbach, 18 km
- Pebble creek, 3.27 km
- Sulzbach
- Fischbach, 18.5 km
- Köllerbach, 19.3 km
- Ellbach 15.2 km, 42.6 km ²
- Prims (II ), 91 km, 737 km ²
- Kasel Bach
- Concerts Bach, 6.4 km, 16.0 km ²
- Bommersbach
- Schewellenbach
- Serriger Bach
- Saarhölzbach
- Seffersbach
Cities in the Saar
In France (Lorraine and Alsace ): Sarre- Union, Sarrebourg, Sarralbe ( Saaralben ) and Sarreguemines ( Sarreguemines ).
In Germany ( Rhineland -Palatinate and Saarland): Saarbrücken, Völklingen, Saarlouis, Dillingen / Saar, Merzig, Saar castle and Conc
Attractions
Almost immediately on the bank of the Saar is the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site.
Before Mettlach is the famous Saar loop.
Economy
Shipping
Larger importance was the Saar as a transportation route from the 17th century, when wood ( "Dutch wood " ) saar down on the Moselle and the Rhine, was floated to the North Sea.
The Saar is connected since 1866 from Sarreguemines on the Saar Canal ( formerly called Sarre - channel) with the Rhine - Marne Canal. In connection with the construction of the canal, the Saar Saar was first to Luis valley and then up Ensdorf channeled in the years 1862-1879 from Sarreguemines, so that it was navigable for Pénichen far. The Saar puncture at St. Arnual took place only in 1969.
Only in 1974 was the lower reaches of the Saar, starting from the mouth, expanded for large ships: 1987 Opening of the leg Konz- Dillingen, 1994 Opening of the leg Dillingen- Lisdorf, 1999 Opening the lock Saarbrücken, 2001 completion of the roadway support. The upgraded line Konz -Saarbrücken has a length of 87.2 km with an altitude difference of 55 m and a fairway depth of 3 m. She is a European waterway waterway class Vb. Usually ships are the Europe ship with a capacity of 1,350 t (length: 85 m, width 9.5 m, Draught: 2.5 m) and the pushed convoy with two barges with a capacity of 3,320 t ( length: up to 185 m, width: up to 11,45 m, Draft: 2.5 m). Planned expansion was up above Saarbrücken, but was postponed as other infrastructure projects for political reasons. So the mega-ship cruise ends at the Luis Bridge in Saarbrücken.
The Saar ( Sa ) was since 1921 kingdom waterway, today it is managed as a federal waterway Sarreguemines up to its confluence with the Moselle at Mosel- km 200.81 in Konz 104.7 km in length from the Waterways and Shipping Office Saarbrücken. Your kilometer runs along the shipping route that is shorter by about 5.5 kilometers through multiple punctures as the longest in Kanzem as compared to the original flow length. It starts with 0 km in Konz and ends at the beginning of the German -French border route in Güdingen with 94.06 km; from here counts the Lorraine chainage km 75.62 to km 64.98 with in Sarreguemines. It is made in France continued on the Saar channel.
In the Saar loop at Dreisbach there are still a people - ferry that Welles.
Barrages
To overcome the height difference of the major waterway Saarbrücken conc of 55 m (total head) serve eight barrages: ( order down the river, height differences in brackets):
- Lock Güdingen (2.41 m)
- Barrage Saarbrücken (5.95 m)
- Barrage Lisdorf (3.80 m)
- Barrage Rehlinger (8.00 m)
- Barrage Mettlach ( 11.00 m )
- Barrage Serrig ( 14.50 m )
- Military Schoden (5.69 m)
- Lock Kanzem ( 11.75 m )
In Kanzem the locks are in a 2.9 km long channel lock, weir and hydroelectric power plant in the 7.8 km long Wehrarm Schoden ( Wiltinger arch). With a pump power plant next to the locks can be pumped back at low tide the smuggling of water so that the Wiltinger arc gets enough water. For all other barrages are large lock ( 190x12 m), small lock ( 40x6, 75 m ) (from Kanzem to Rehlinger for passenger and recreational vessels ) side by side, Weir, fish lock and hydroelectric power plant in the river. All the great locks have as Obertorplatz a Drehsegmenttor and Untertor as a miter gate. The weirs generally have three openings with train segments as a closure; on the segments of a fish-belly flap for fine adjustment of the upper water level is appropriate. Due to the closure types with lock and weir higher -ups were avoided and a good integration into the landscape.
Viniculture
The lower reaches of the Saar between Serrig and Konz is dominated by viticulture. For the Saar wine, the Riesling is the most important grape variety. The Saar wine region with Devonian slate floors located in Rhineland -Palatinate and belongs to the German Mosel region. Viticulture in the Saarland comprised a long time only the Moselle at Perl, where predominantly limestone soils on the vine grows Elfling. At the beginning of the 21st century, the wine-growing tradition at the Saarland Saarland was revived, with the first vineyards in the Saar Rocky (2002) and Merzig (2007). Until the First World War, wine was grown on a large scale until well above Saarbrücken. Of these, only a very few vineyards have received, which are now classified again as Saarländischer country wine. On the wine have still some street names out, eg in the district of Saarbrücken, St. Arnual the " Weinbergweg " and Winterberg as ( corruption of Wingert - mountain).
Vineyard near Merzig (1914 )
Vineyard Ayler coupling with Schodener Mr. Mountain in the background
Gallery Saar
Use as a sports area: Dragon Boat in Saarlouis
Passenger ship in Saarlouis
Commercial Shipping on the Saar
Barrage Serrig
The Saar Saar at Castle
The Saar Saar at Castle
Division of the Saar at Schoden in Saar puncture ( lock channel ) left and right Wehrarm
Dam Schoden
The Wehrarm the Saar at Schoden
Saar Estuary at Konz
Saar loop Cloef at Orscholz in late summer 2011
The Saar in Wadgassen