Sarcoglottis

Sarcoglottis heringeri

Sarcoglottis is a genus of the orchid family ( Orchidaceae). It contains 45 species which are distributed in tropical America.

Description

The Sarcoglottis species are small herbaceous plants that grow terrestrially. The roots are clumps together (sometimes along a rhizome ), they are fleshy and cylindrical thickened to bulbous. The leaves are in a basal rosette. The petiole is short or indistinct, the leaf blade is broadly to narrowly oval. The leaves are usually green, provided in some species but also with light patterns or reddish brown with green pattern.

The racemose inflorescence is little - to many flowered, the flowers are fleshy and flashy. Especially at the top of the upright inflorescence axis is hairy. The tubular bracts surround the inflorescence stem in part. The flowers of some species smell; they are greenish, yellow, white, pink or reddish brown in color. The ovary is stalked cylindrical to fusiform, sessile or very short, barely twisted, mostly hairy. The sepals are approximately parallel to each other in the lower part, on the front, they are repulsed, outside they are usually slightly hairy. The dorsal sepal is concave in shape, along with the petals to form a hood over the flower. The lateral sepals at the base run far down on the ovary and are asymmetric. The lip is fleshy at the base, abruptly narrowed ( nailed ), where an arrow shape. The sides of the lip are beaten up and adhere to the column at the top of the lip is repulsed. The column is rather short, at the base of the joint with the ovary reaching out ( " pillar "). The pedestal runs down the ovary and, together with this and the lateral sepals an internal nectary ( cuniculus ). The scar consists of two separate or together lying area. The separation between scar tissue and stamen ( rostellum ) is linear to ligulate, it ends cut off. The stamen is oblong - oval, it ends blunt. It contains the elongated bright yellow pollinia, hanging on a gray to blue viscid disc ( Viscidium ). The capsule fruit is oval to spindle-shaped, it contains numerous narrow spindle-shaped seeds.

In some species orchid bees of the genus Euglossa were observed as pollinators. The viscid disc is facing up, the pollinia are attached below the mouthparts of the insect.

Occurrence

Sarcoglottis occur in tropical and subtropical America. From Mexico to the north, the distribution area of the Caribbean and the northern half of South America draws to Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay in the south. They colonize altitudes up to 2700 meters. The individual species occur in different types of vegetation in damp or drier forests, in swamps or in different bushes and grasslands.

Systematics and botanical history

Sarcoglottis is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Spiranthinae. The genus was described in 1827 by Presl. The name comes from the Greek words σάρξ sarkos for " meat " and γλῶσσα ( Att γλῶττα ) glotta, "tongue", and refers to the texture of the labellum. Presls type species was Sarcoglottis speciosa, a synonym for in 1806 described as Neottia acaulis Sarcoglottis acaulis.

Burns Balogh grouped the genera Cyclopogon, Pelexia and Sarcoglottis to " Sarcoglottis alliance ", summarized later by Szlachetko in its own subtribe Cyclopogoninae. According to studies of DNA Sarcoglottis is closely related to Sauroglossum, Odontorrhynchus, Cyclopogon and Pelexia.

The following species are included in genus Sarcoglottis:

  • Sarcoglottis acaulis ( Sm ) Schltr.
  • Sarcoglottis acutata ( Rchb.f. & hot. ) Garay
  • Sarcoglottis Alexandrian Schltr. ex Mansf.
  • Sarcoglottis amazonica Pabst
  • Sarcoglottis biflora ( Vell. ) Schltr.
  • Sarcoglottis cerina ( Lindl. ) P.N.Don in J.Donn
  • Sarcoglottis curvisepala Szlach. & Rutk.
  • Sarcoglottis degranvillei Szlach. & Veyret
  • Sarcoglottis depinctrix Christenson & Toscano
  • Sarcoglottis fasciculata ( Vell. ) Schltr.
  • Sarcoglottis glaucescens Schltr.
  • Sarcoglottis gonzalezii L.C.Menezes
  • Sarcoglottis grandiflora ( Hook. ) Klotzsch
  • Sarcoglottis heringeri Pabst
  • Sarcoglottis herzogii Schltr.
  • Sarcoglottis homalogastra ( Rchb.f. & hot. ) Schltr.
  • Sarcoglottis juergensii Schltr.
  • Sarcoglottis lehmannii Garay,
  • Sarcoglottis lobata ( Lindl. ) P.N.Don in J.Donn
  • Sarcoglottis magdalenensis ( Brade & Pabst ) Pabst
  • Sarcoglottis metallica ( Rolfe ) Schltr.
  • Sarcoglottis micrantha Christenson
  • Sarcoglottis neglecta Christenson
  • Sarcoglottis pauciflora ( Kuntze ) Schltr.
  • Sarcoglottis portillae Christenson
  • Sarcoglottis pseudovillosa Mytnik, Rutk. & Szlach.
  • Sarcoglottis riocontensis E.C.Smidt & Toscano
  • Sarcoglottis rosulata ( Lindl. ) P.N.Don in J.Donn
  • Sarcoglottis sceptrodes ( Rchb.f. ) Schltr.
  • Sarcoglottis schaffneri ( Rchb.f. ) Ames in JDSmith
  • Sarcoglottis schwackei ( Cogn. ) Schltr.
  • Sarcoglottis scintillans ( EWGreenw. ) Salazar & Soto Arenas
  • Sarcoglottis smithii ( Rchb.f. ) Schltr.
  • Sarcoglottis stergiosii Carnevali & I.Ramírez
  • Sarcoglottis Tirolensis Burns- Bal. & Merc.S.Foster
  • Sarcoglottis trichogyna Cuatrec.
  • Sarcoglottis turkeliae Christenson
  • Sarcoglottis uliginosa Barb.Rodr.
  • Sarcoglottis umbrosa ( Barb.Rodr. ) Schltr.
  • Sarcoglottis veyretiae Szlach.
  • Sarcoglottis villosa ( Poepp. & Endl. ) Schltr.
  • Sarcoglottis viscosa Szlach. & Rutk.
  • Sarcoglottis woodsonii ( L.O.Williams ) Garay
Orchidoideae Louis Claude Richard Ovary (botany) Labellum (botany) Stigma (botany) Pollinium Ancient Greek Attic Greek Digital Object Identifier List of natural Orchidaceae genera
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