Schwielowsee

W1

The Havel is part of a chain of large lakes in the middle course of the river Havel, which extends from the Niederneuendorfer lake in Berlin to the Great Zernsee behind Werder ( Havel ). It has an area of about 786 hectares. Its longitudinal extent is about 5.4 km and its greatest width about 2.0 kilometers.

The Havel ( SLS ) is a state waterway to the Potsdamer Havel, a branch line of the Lower Havel waterway for which the Water and Shipping Authority Brandenburg is responsible.

• 6.1 Culture and other history of the shore region
• 6.2 Planned Seeschlammförderung of the lake floor

• 7.1 fish
• 7.2 Amphibians and reptiles
• 7.3 birds
• 7.4 Mammals

Geography

The Havel is located in the Brandenburg district of Potsdam - agent Mark belongs to the municipality Havel and the city of Werder ( Havel ). It extends in northeast-southwest direction. In its northern part of the lake is drained by the Havel. The Havel here reaches the southernmost point of its river course. It flows from Lake Templin by the Caputher Gemünde coming, in the north- east to the Havel and leaves him in the northernmost tip through a bottleneck. This bottleneck is spanned by the tree garden bridge on which runs the main road 1. After this narrow point, the Havel widens again lake-like, but not here to bear its own Seenamen.

From the Havel is in the north- east over the navigable by small boats Wentorfgraben connect to Petziensee, a now separated by a railway embankment bay of Lake Templin with the status of any other inland waterway of the federal government. To the west of the Havel over a narrow trench with the private lake in Petzow Castle Park is connected.

On the banks of Schwielow are the villages ( districts ) Caputh, Ferch, Petzow and Geltow, where Geltow the lake only occasionally touched at Baumgarten Brück and Petzow is separated through the park and wide aggradation surfaces from the lake.

Geology

The Havel is a flat Gletscherzungensee. He was about 19600-19000 years ago during the early Weichselhochglazials and is nestled between residues of different heading and Satzendmoränen the Brandenburg stage and the largely exposed by periglacial weathering saale cold temporal plateau of the " Glindower plate ". Except for areas of Caputher local situation, the northern West Bank and the central and western part of the Fercher local situation of the Havel is more or less steep bank slopes, where a wide aggradation terrace is in front. The shallow shore areas, such as the " Glindower plate " upstream division between Ferch and Petzow, consist of Kamessedimenten and Talsanden. The western part of Ferch is located in a meltwater channel from sediments younger age. The mill base in Ferch, located on the southern end of the lake is to be understood as meltwater penetration of glacial glacier. Here was the glacier and the resulting prominent meltwater stream swept this valley from. In the foothills of the moraine, the Zauche, he sedimented entrained rock material into a cone-shaped outwash plain, the Beelitzer Sander. This Gletschertorrinne was just like the Havel in the early post-glacial considerably lower than today. The Havel was then in an up to 40 -meter-deep basin, which is mostly buried today by residues of dead plankton and the ingress of sediment.

The water level of Schwielow is an average of 29.3 m above sea level. NN. The highest elevation of the terminal moraine is near the local part Ferch with the Wietkiekenberg 124.7 m above sea level. NN.

Hydromorphology

Water depths and stratification

The greatest depth of Schwielow is 9.1 meters. It is located in the far northeast. Overall prevail in the northern lake area irregular depth ratios ago with 7 meters in places. The southern basin is inclined equally to the northwest and is no deeper than 4 feet. In contrast, the average depth of 2.8 meters with Schwielow is comparatively small, as large areas in the center of the lake and in the Einschwemmbereich the Havel mouth are very shallow. In places the depth is only 0.5 to 0.8 m. The Havel is therefore a body of water without proper stratification of the water masses in different temperature or Konvektionsebenen. A full water circulation, driven by the wind and favored by the Havel flow, there is throughout the year. Only occur when ice closed because of the density anomaly of water stagnation phases.

Circulation

According to the classification of lakes according to the number of full circulation in the year, the Havel, like most shallow lakes of the temperate zone, a polymiktisches waters. Because of the unstratified conditions dominate aerobic algae species. Your supply of nutrient salts (eg, phosphates ) and carbon dioxide is guaranteed all year because of the lack of barrier layer. Only with increasing Ausdunkelung the lower regions by excessive growth of algae that live here Phytoplankton is no longer supplied with sufficient light and photosynthesis can still insufficiently or not be carried out. In massenweisem death of ausgedunkelten phytoplankton ( detritus ) but it does not come to excessive formation of sludge, methane gas and hydrogen sulfide at the bottom of the lake in the predominantly aerobic conditions.

With prolonged exposure to sunlight and high temperatures, the flat Havel be heated quickly and tends for its polymictic circulation every summer to algae outbreaks, the so-called " water bloom ".

Chemical and trophic characteristics

Because of the decades-long record of untreated sewage and the furnish of intensive agriculture and today's return solving processes from the contaminated sediments of the Havel is still a surplus of plant nutrients such as nitrogen and especially phosphorus, which the " water bloom " enhanced and the quality of water strongly impaired. After a drawn on behalf of the Federal Environment Agency documentation of the Technical University of Cottbus, Department of Freshwater Conservation, the Secchi depth was in the period April to October 2001, only 0.8 meters. The average pH of 8.5 showed the Havel as a weakly alkaline. The measurements trophierelevanter parameters provided in this period results that characterize the lake as a " hypertrophic " (h1), according to a new 10 - point scale the 8th level, and also as " hypertrophic " ( trophic level IV ) of the conventional Trophiesystems. The total phosphorus content was, according to the documentation mentioned above, in 1995 at 180 micrograms / liter ( = p2 - high polytroph ). 2001 with 366 micrograms / liter ( = h1 - hypertrophic ) already measured the double value. This is the Schwielow currently (2001) the most heavily loaded with phosphorus Großsee Brandenburg. The total biovolume of the lake is relatively low in the months of July and August with 9.34 cc phytomass per cubic meter of water, given the high phosphorus levels. However, the total nitrogen concentration fell in the assessment period 1995 to 2001, so it is assumed that nitrogen could represent nowadays the limiting factor for phytoplankton growth. The phytoplankton consists to 79 percent of diatoms, especially the phosphorus- loving species Aulacoseira ambigua and A. ganulata, and 10 percent of blue-green algae.

The water quality class of the Potsdamer Havel is still III, heavily soiled. Since the Havel opens in northeastern Schwielow and leaves him in the northernmost tip again, the lake acts as a settling basin for suspended particles of the flowing water Havel.

The lake bottom

The lake bottom in the area of ​​extensive shoals and near shore consists of fine-grained, gray-sand, some with silt fractions, but most firmly supported. Outside the reed belt of the lake bottom is barely covered by plants. In depth ranges from about 0.5 meters wide, however in recent years the species of pondweed ( Potamogeton ). The deeper parts of the sea floor are planktogene sediments from diatom flora, mixed with microcrystalline limestone formed.

The riparian zones

The riparian areas of Schwielow are siltation zones with wide and sometimes lush reed belts, seaward often bordered by cattail stands. In the landside areas of reed stocks spreads gradually from black alder forest. The vitality of the reed stocks has waned in recent years. A shoal with reed vegetation, which is located several hundred meters from the campground Flottstelle is almost completely disappeared in 2007. Early 1990s was the diameter of these reed island still about 40 meters. In other places the reed spreads seaward further.

In an anthropogenically undisturbed course of development since its creation to the presence of the Havel today would probably be a low- to moderate eutrophic, shallow lake polimiktischer.

Havel and human

Due to the steep bank, and which subsequently hilly relief the traffic routes are applied to the silting terraces in the eastern and northern shore area. Although the Havel is lined in many places of the forest, the naturalness of riparian zones is disturbed by vehicle traffic. Only the shallower western shore and in the area between Caputh and Flottstelle that the roads further inland.

Large parts of the lakeshore are not accessible within the local areas of built-up land and public.

Because of the wide landing areas, there is little " unofficial" swimming holes on the Havel.

Since the Havel only flows through the northern end of the Schwielow, the powerful motor boat traffic limited mainly to this area. Away from this Havel Havel is also the traffic on summer weekends little traffic and mainly a spot for sailing boats. From an area for water skiing on the western shore of the lake can, because of the strong boat motors used there, in certain wind conditions for those seeking relaxation pose a noise.

The Havel is a popular fishing waters.

Water

In 2003, the first sailing club of Schwielow, the Fercher Seglerverein was 03 eV was founded. Since then, of this club regattas each year, mainly held for the classes of boat Ixylon and Contender, on the lake. The highlight was the Einstein of the regatta 15er and 20er Jollenkreuzer on 18 and 19 June 2005, which was attended by 93 boats.

On 11 and 12 January 2003 were on the Havel, the German Championships held in ice sailing.

History

Cultural and other history of the shore region

The surrounding area of the Schwielow was Germanic, and later Slavic population since ancient settlement area. Evidence of prehistoric settlements on the banks of the lake but there is no. In the immediate vicinity of the lake, in Lienewitzer forest, is a treasure trove from the Early Bronze Age (Period Ha B1, about 1050-950 BC), consisting of a cup-like gold vessel, two Doppelspiralarmringen and two gold coil wires, trade relations with South East Central European region of origin the findings.

The village Geltow somewhat apart the north shore of Schwielow was first mentioned in 993.

On the west bank village Petzow is. It was first mentioned in 1419. The castle park Petzow, a designed by Peter Joseph Garden is located on the Havel. The Petzow Castle, a building in the style mix of Tudor and other neo-Gothic, belonged to the noble family of barges which also owned the surrounding lands and here operated several brick factories.

On the southwest shore of the lake is the old fishing village of Ferch, which now belongs to the municipality of Havel. Ferch, ersterwähnt in 1317, was formerly divided into the sub - Slavic and German Oberdorf, indicating that it might be already been a place of settlement in the early Middle Ages. The painter Karl Hagemeister and Carl Schuch founded in the 19th century, here the " Havelländische Malerkolonie Ferch ". Today Ferch is due to its convenient access to the motorway 10 is a popular residential village for people working in Berlin and has received corresponding increase in population since the 1990s. The surroundings of Ferch, almost without exception, forest, urban sprawl widely by Datschensiedlungen.

Planned Seeschlammförderung of the lake floor

Northeast of Petzow hamlet Löcknitz, on the northwest shore of the lake, dredging were carried out for the production of a branch canal and a river port from 1987 to 1989. It was planned on the adjacent terrain Sea mud, which should be encouraged from the bottom of Schwielow, intermediately. In the next 50 years should be stored and shipped here 33 million cubic meters of lime-rich sea mud. The lake mud should be used as a fertilizer. From the period around 1990, all work on ecological and cultural- historical reasons have been set. The claimed area was leveled.

Wildlife

Pisces

Due to the abundant spawning zones of the Havel is very rich in fish. The main species of fish are white fish such as bream, roach and white bream, and carp and tench. In addition, pike, walleye, perch, and eels live in the Havel.

Amphibians and reptiles

The pond frog, as the main representative of amphibians is widespread in the reed belts of Schwielow. At the water's edge of the lake, right in the transition to the humid zone of aggradation belt, live forest lizards. On sunny places these reptiles are very site faithful here. Grass snakes are water loving snakes. They make the reed belts hunting for frogs.

The Coot (also Lietze or Blässralle called ) is the most common water bird of the Schwielow. Widely used are Mallards and Mute Swans. Tufted Duck, Pochard, Mandarin ducks and gray geese occur as rare breeding birds. Very often, cormorants and gray herons. Grebes are rare, but they also breed on Havel. The lush reed belt are the habitat of many warblers and similar species of songbirds. Cuckoos live accordingly, near the shore of the lake. Rare Breeding Birds of Schwielow are the moorhen, which can be observed in quiet reed bays temporarily as well as kingfishers. Regularly circling Red Kite, Common Buzzard and some rare eagle on the lake and in 2006 Ospreys were observed. Lach, silver and gulls are among the most common gull species of Schwielow.

The Havel is a transit and resting area for waterfowl such as mergansers, Smew, Little Grebe and Common Goldeneye. Also Mittelmeermöwe and Gull have been spotted. In the late summer of each year, thousands of starlings gather in the reed belts.

Mammals

By far the most common mammals of the Schwielow are the muskrats. They live in the silted reed belts and here feed mainly on aquatic plants. The silted up, mixed with young black alder and sallow, reed beds provide ideal hiding places for days boars. Occurred on wild paths, the pigs roam the shore zone.

Theodor Fontane's communications on the Havel

In the summer of 1869 visited the poet Theodor Fontane Caputh. Together with three sons of former Caputher ferryman he undertook a peaceful sailing trip on the Havel. Fontane describes in his book " Travels through the Mark Brandenburg" the lake as a pleasant and sunny and he had the good nature of all broad natures. Elsewhere it says:

He continues:

From Baumgarten bridge and the position of his guest house Fontane raved that it was a ' Brühl's Terrace ' at the Havel. "

On the genesis of Schwielow Theodor Fontane represents in his "Walks through the Mark Brandenburg" following view:

Where exactly the Havel should have flowed according to this theory before, Theodor Fontane unfortunately leaves open and it would not have been useless on the mound mentioned to konjekturieren.