Scrophulariaceae

Knotted figwort ( Scrophularia nodosa )

The figwort family ( Scrophulariaceae ), formerly also called Rachenblütler, form a family in the order of Lippenblütlerartigen ( Lamiales ) within the angiosperms ( Magnoliopsida ). Worldwide, there are about 1700 species, it is mainly to herbaceous plants.

• 3.1 Literature
• 3.2 Notes and references

Description

They are mostly herbaceous plants, but there are also woody species. The leaves are mostly opposite sides.

The flowers are often together in racemose inflorescences. The four - or five petals are usually zygomorphic. The four or five sepals and petals are usually grown with each other. In some species the front petal is "masked" or there is a nectar spur or a bulge at the entrance to the corolla tube before; thus are only strong insects, such as bumblebees, to come into the situation on the pollen. There is only one stamen circle present, and the number of stamens is usually four or five. The ovary is upper constant.

The flowers formula is:

They form seed capsules in which many seeds are usually included. It can be much available until no endosperm.

Systematics and distribution

The valid first publication of the Scrophulariaceae family under the " scrophulariae " Antoine Laurent de Jussieu: Genera Plantarum, 1789, pp. 117-118. The name Scrophulariaceae was already 1782 ..., published by Jean Francois Durande in Notions élémentaires de Botanique, p 265. Type genus Scrophularia L. is. Synonyms for Scrophulariaceae Juss. are Bontiaceae Horan. , Buddlejaceae K.Wilh. , Caprariaceae Martynov, Hebenstretiaceae Horan. , Limosellaceae J.Agardh, Myoporaceae R.Br., Oftiaceae Takht. & Reveal, Selaginaceae Choisy, Spielmanniaceae J.Agardh nom. illeg. and Verbascaceae Bercht. & J.Presl.

The Scrophulariaceae family is divided into nine tribes, here in full with the 52 to 65 genera and about 1700 species (here, each with distribution area and number of species):

• Tribus Aptosimeae ( Benth. ) Benth. Contains three genera with about 40 species: Anti Charis Endl. The approximately 14 species are widespread in Africa.
• Aptosimum Burch. ex Benth. The approximately 20 species are widespread in Africa.
• Peliostomum E.Mey. ex Benth. The seven species are widespread in tropical and southern Africa.

• Tribus Buddlejeae Juss. ( Syn: Buddlejaceae K.Wilh. ): It contains three ( or five ) genera with about 110 species: Butterfly bush ( Buddleja L., including Chilianthus ): From 98-125 species ten species in South Africa and 25 species in Asia are about 63 in the Neotropics, distributed.
• Emorya Torr. , The only two species are common from Texas to Mexico.
• Gomphostigma Turcz. , The only two species are widespread in southern Africa.
• Nicodemia Ten. (perhaps one of Buddleja ): your styles are common in Africa and Madagascar.

• Antherothamnus NEBr. , You probably contains only one type: Antherothamnus pearsonii NEBr. It occurs in central and southern Africa.

• Tribus Hemimerideae Benth. Contains six genera with about 134 species: Alonsoa Ruiz & Pav: The approximately 16 species are widespread in the Neotropics and in South Africa.
• Colpias E.Mey. ex Benth. contains only one type: Colpias mollis E. Mey. ex Benth. It occurs only in the South African province of North Cape.

• Tribus Leucophyleae Miers. Contains only two genera with about 17 species: Eremogeton Standlschmaus. & L.O.Williams: it contains only one type: Eremogeton grandiflorus ( A. Gray ) Standlschmaus. & LOWilliams: It comes from Mexico to Guatemala before.

• Tribus Limoselleae Dumort. ( Syn: Manuleeae Hilliard, Selagineae ): It contains 27-28 genera and about 566 species: Barthlottia Eb. Fish. Contains only one type: Barthlottia madagascariensis Eb. Fish. It occurs only in Madagascar.

• Glekia krebsiana ( Benth. ) Hilliard: It occurs only in South Africa's Eastern Cape.

• Gosela eckloniana Choisy: It occurs only in the South African provinces of North and Western Cape.

• Oozeling ( Limosella aquatica L.)

• Manuleopsis dinteri Thell. ex Schinz: It occurs in south-western Africa.

• Strobilopsis wrightii Hilliard & BLBurtt: It occurs in South Africa.

• Tribus Myoporeae (sensu Chinnock ): It contains about seven genera with about 236 species: Androya H.Perrier: it contains only one type: Androya decaryi H.Perrier: It occurs only in Madagascar.

• Bontia daphnoides L.: It occurs in the Caribbean and tropical South America.

• Calamphoreus inflatus ( CAGardner ) Chinnock: It occurs in Western Australia.

• Glycocystis beckeri ( F.Muell. ) Chinnock: It occurs in Australia.

• Pentacoelium bontioides sieve. & Zucc. It occurs in Australia.

• Tribus Scrophularieae Dumort. Whether includes five genera and about 564 species: Antherothamnus NEBr. , You probably contains only one type: Antherothamnus pearsonii NEBr. It is distributed in the central to southern Africa.

• Nathaliella alaica B.Fedtsch. It is distributed in China and Kyrgyzstan.

• Tribus Teedieae G.Don: it contains three to five genera with about six ways: Oftia Adans. With three species in South Africa.
• Ranopisoa J.- F.Leroy: it contains only one type: Ranopisoa rakotosonii ( Capuron ) J.- F.Leroy: It occurs only in Madagascar.

• Dermatobotrys saundersii bolus: It occurs in South Africa.

Genera that are now assigned to other families

• Earlier it counted among the figwort plants, now one of the plantain family ( Plantaginaceae ) the following genera: Acanthorrhinum Rothm.
• Achetaria Cham. & Schltdl.
• Adenosma R.Br.
• Albraunia Speta
• Hole throat ( Anarrhinum Desf. )
• Snapdragons (Antirrhinum L.)
• Capraria L.
• Orant ( Chaenorhinum ( DC.) Rchb. )
• Cheilophyllum Pennell ex Britton
• Zimbelkräuter ( Cymbalaria L.)
• Foxgloves (Digitalis L.)
• Alps balm ( Erinus L.)
• Grace herbs ( Gratiola L.)
• Tännelkräuter ( Kickxia Dumort. )
• Leinkräuter ( Linaria Mill )
• Mänderle ( Paederota L.)
• Speedwell ( Veronica L.)
• Wulfenien ( wulfenia Jacq. )

• Previously to the figwort plants, is now counted among the Linderniaceae following species: Bush herbs ( Lindernia space. )

• Earlier it counted among the figwort plants, now one of the broomrape family ( Orobanchaceae ) the following genera: Bartsia L.
• Eyebright ( Euphrasia L.)
• Shed Wurzen ( Lathraea L.)
• Cow-wheat ( Melampyrum L.)
• Tooth Trost ( Odontites Ludw. )
• Parentucellia Viv.
• Lousewort ( Pedicularis L.)
• Yellow rattle ( Rhinanthus L.)
• Alps throat ( Tozzia L.)

• Previously to the figwort plants, today to the family of paulownia plants ( Paulowniaceae ) calculated following single genus: Paulownia (Paulownia Siebold & Zucc. )

• Is expected Previously to the figwort plants, now one of the jugglers flowers plants ( Phrymaceae ) the following species: Jugglers Flowers ( Mimulus L.)

Swell

• The Scrophulariaceae family in APWebsite (sections systematics and description).