Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea

Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea

Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea is only one kind of the only genus of the tribe Scyphiphora Scyphiphoreae within the plant family Rubiaceae ( Rubiaceae ). It occurs on the coasts of South and Southeast Asia, Australia and Pacific Islands.

• 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaf

Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea grows as a shrub or small tree, reaching heights of growth of mostly 1-4, rarely up to 6 meters. He is unarmed. Sometimes, stilt roots are formed. Young plant parts usually contain mucus or resin. The slightly flattened to angular or terete branches have a bald until fluffy hairy bark. The nodes ( more nodes ) are sometimes thickened and sometimes the branches are compressed.

The cross - against continuously distributed on the branches arranged leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. You do not Domatien. The indented, bare petiole is 0.5 to 1.5 inches long. The simple, clear leathery leaf blade is obovate to broadly elliptical with wedge-shaped to obtuse Spreitenbasis and rounded upper end at a length of 2.5 to 7.5 centimeters and a width of 1.5 to 4.5 centimeters. Both Spreitenflächen are bare and the upper leaf surface is usually shiny. The lateral nerves are not identifiable or you can see four to six couples. The two durable, 1.5 to 3 mm long, simple stipules are fused to the branch around, enclose well-developed Kolle Teren ( glandular annexes) and often have a sparse to dense ciliated border.

Inflorescence and flower

At the branches long Blütenstandsschäften, stunted zymöse inflorescences are lateral, to 0.5 to 1 centimeter formed, which have a length of 1.5 to 3 centimeters and a diameter of 2 to 2.5 centimeters and contain some flowers. The uniformly dichotomous branching inflorescence axes are divided. The early falling bracts are relatively small and grow together in pairs. There are more than 2 millimeters long flower stems present or if the flowers are sitting.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and rarely four, usually fünfzählig double perianth. The rarely four, usually five bald until fluffy hairy sepals are fused cup-shaped and the chalice is almost trimmed or are rarely four, usually five calyx teeth visible. The petals are white to pale yellow. The rarely four, usually five white or pink petals are fused and outside bare salverform. The 4-5 mm long corolla tube is hairy fluffy inside and the throat is widened slightly. The rarely four, usually five corolla lobes are in the flower bud convolut overlapping and at a length of about 2 millimeters ovate - ligulate blunt upper end. The rarely four, usually five stamens protrude beyond the crown more or less. The short stamens are inserted just below the throat of the crown. The two-chamber ovary contains in each chamber an upright and a hanging ovule. The style ends in two scars that extend beyond the crown. There is protandry; the pollen is deposited on the outer surface of the pen and the scars to be received by the pollinator.

Fruit and seeds

The bald, initially fleshy and later korkige stone fruit is at a length of 8 to 11 mm and a diameter of 3 to 5 millimeters ellipsoid -oblong to ellipsoid with six or rarely up to eight edges. At the drupe the tough sepals are present. The stone fruit contains a stone core. The ellipsoidal, longitudinal edge having stone core is zweikammerig with two seeds per chamber. The almost cylindrical seed is of medium size and has a membranous seed coat ( testa). The endosperm is reduced. The two elongated embryo cotyledons ( cotyledons ) and a relatively long Radicula are present.

Phenology

In China, the flowering period is from July to November. The fruits ripen in China from August to December.

Set of chromosomes

Basic chromosome number is x = 11

Occurrence

Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea occurs on the Indian subcontinent, Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines, on the western Pacific islands, New Caledonia, Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory and Queensland ) and in the Chinese province of Hainan. There are reports of occurrences in Madagascar, but they are not currently confirmed from there. It thrives at or near sea level in the mangrove forest or near the coast in the mud.

System

The genus Scyphiphora was erected in 1806 with the first description of Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea by Carl Friedrich von Gaertner in Supplementum Carpologiae ( = De fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum, Volume 3 ), pp. 91 and Table 196, Figure 2. The genus name is derived Scyphiphora from the Greek words skuphos for cups and pherein for supporting and refers to the flowers .. A synonym for Scyphiphora CFGaertn. is Epithinia Jack. The Tribe Scyphiphoreae was in Kent Kainulainen, Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison & Birgitta Bremer: Phylogenetic relationships and new tribal delimitations in subfamily Ixoroideae ( Rubiaceae ), In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 173, Issue 3, 2013, pp. 387 - 406 erected.

Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea is only one kind of the only genus of the tribe Scyphiphora Scyphiphoreae in the subfamily Ixoroideae within the family of Rubiaceae ( Rubiaceae ). In which tribe this genus was heard controversial since its first description. Molecular genetic studies show that the genus Scyphiphora must be in a separate tribe, and no longer, as in 2013 the tribe Gardenieae or Vanguerieae.

Swell

• Tao Chen & Charlotte M. Taylor: Scyphiphora, pp. 323 - genus and species - text the same online as printed work, In: Flora of China Editorial Committee: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 19 -. Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 28 February, 2011 ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9 (Sections Description, systematics and dissemination )
• Christian Puff & U. Rohrhofer: The character states and taxonomic position of the monotypic mangrove genus Scyphiphora ( Rubiaceae ), In: Opera Botanica Belgica, Volume 6, 1993, pp. 143-172.