Senecio
Spring ragwort ( Senecio vernalis )
The plant genus Greis herbs ( Senecio ), also known as ragwort, belongs to the sunflower family ( Asteraceae), and includes more than a thousand species. They are found worldwide.
- 7.1 Literature
- 7.2 Notes and references
Description
Senecio species are usually one or two years or perennial herbaceous plants, some species are succulent plants, some woody and grow as an evergreen subshrubs, shrubs or climbing plants. You can reach depending on plant height from 5 to 100 (up to 250) cm. Some species form rhizomes. The change-constant leaves are petiolate or sessile. The leaf blade may be quite different in shape from lanceolate to ovate about thready and lobed to pinnate. The leaf margin may be smooth, toothed or serrated.
Most many cups are summarized in doldigen racemose to paniculate inflorescences total. It is an involucre with bracts many different depending on the type present. The baskets contain the edge 5, 8, 13 or 21 (rarely 34) zygomorphe, dreizipfelige ray florets and inside ( 5 to ) 13 to 80 radiärsymmetrische tubular flowers. The petals are fused into a tube. Are formed with a pappus usually fünfrippige or winged achenes.
Origin of the name
The botanical name is derived from the Latin senex = old man here, probably because the fruit plants remember the whitish hair crowns of fruit on old man hair. Another possibility would be for the hemispherical and bare, reminiscent of bald heads basket floors.
Systematics and distribution
The distribution is almost worldwide. A total of about 1250 species in the genus Senecio described thus represents one of the most species-rich genera Senecio among the flowering plants dar.
In Central Europe alone there are at least 30 native species, such as the Common Groundsel ( Senecio vulgaris), the sticky ragwort ( Senecio viscosus ) as a common " weed " plants.
The Senecio nemorensis - Syngameon
The Senecio nemorensis group is widely used in Europe and Asia, its area extends from northern Spain to China, Taiwan and Japan. It is composed on the instantaneous state of research from nine species, of which the most common occurrence at hybridize with each other and form transitional forms. In Germany the species occur cacaliaster Senecio, Senecio hercynicus ( resin ragwort ) Senecio Senecio ovatus and germanicus (Fuchs cal ragwort ) ago. Senecio ucranicus occurs in the Eastern Carpathians, Senecio dacicus could so far only be detected from Romania. Senecio Senecio stabianus and bayonnensis are still isolated, native to southwest Europe clans ( no hybridization processes ). Senecio nemorensis is a very variable clan, which has its main distribution in Siberia, pending further investigations for their intraspecific structure.
- Senecio bayonnensis
- Senecio cacaliaster Lam.
- Senecio dacicus
- Senecio germanicus Wallr.
- Resin ragwort ( Senecio hercynicus Herborg )
- Senecio L. nemorensis
- Fuchs cal ragwort ( Senecio ovatus Willd, Syn. Senecio fuchsii Gmel. )
- Senecio stabianus
- Senecio ucranicus
In Central Europe, species composition (selection)
- Senecio arborescens
- Eberrauten - ragwort ( Senecio abrotanifolius L.) Senecio abrotanifolius subsp. abrotanifolius
- Senecio abrotanifolius subsp. Tirolensis ( Dalla Torre ) Gams
- Senecio erraticus subsp. erraticus
- Senecio erraticus subsp. barbareifolius ( Wimm. & grave. ) Hegi
- Senecio erucifolius subsp. erucifolius
- Senecio erucifolius subsp. tenuifolius
Other types
- Senecio bicolor ( Willd.) Todaro in the Mediterranean area.
- Senecio formosoides Cuatrec. in South America.
- Senecio grandifolius Less. ( Giant ragweed ) Mexico.
- Senecio Kleinia (L.) Less., Endemic to the Canary Islands.
- Senecio thapsoides DC., Balkan Peninsula, Greece to Dalmatia.
Toxicity
For the genus pyrrolizidine alkaloids are typical, which are hepatotoxic and carcinogenic in large part. Symptoms of poisoning usually occur very late ( after weeks or months ). Poisoning is also possible via honey and cow's milk. The cattle do not avoid Senecio species in the pasture, but in the hay. High ragwort Shares may therefore cause severe damage if cattle - at very high doses even fatal poisoning (especially in small mammals ). Various highly toxic species from Mexico provide a popular mouse poison.
In folk medicine, it is diluted with menstrual disturbances and nosebleeds applied. However, is strictly not advisable to self-treatment.
Pictures
Narrow-leaved (Senecio inaequidens )
Grey ragwort ( Senecio incanus )
Fuchs cal ragwort ( Senecio ovatus )
Sticky Groundsel ( Senecio viscosus )
Senecio thapsoides subsp. visianius
Ordinary ragwort ( Senecio vulgaris)