Severnaya Zemlya
Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Северная Земля, "North Country "; formerly Nicholas II Land) is a large Russian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean, which belongs to the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
- 2.1 Discovery and Exploration
- 2.2 Part Names
- 3.1 Musical
- 3.2 Film World
Geography
Location
The partly heavily glaciated Arctic archipelago, which is Russia or Siberia, and thus the northern mainland of Asia mass in front, located just north of the Taimyr peninsula and beyond Wilkizkistraße in the Arctic Ocean. Southeast of the island group are the New Siberian Islands, west of the archipelago of Franz Josef Land and southwest of the large double island Novaya Zemlya.
Severnaya Zemlya extends 78-81 ° north latitude and from 90 ° to 106 ° east longitude. The archipelago consists mainly of four large islands and numerous smaller islands and islets. Seen from north to south, these are the three largest islands Komsomolets, the October Revolution and the Bolsheviks.
The 965 m high mountain Karpinsky on the island of the October Revolution is the highest peak in the archipelago.
Together with the approximately 1,000 km further south-west lying double Novaya Zemlya island group includes the island the Kara Sea one - that part of the Arctic Ocean, in which the great rivers pour Ob and Yenisei in addition to some other rivers. This explains that in spite of the most severe cold, rainy climate relative. To the east of the archipelago is the Laptev Sea, East Siberian in which the great stream of Lena continues to advance the land mass of his great delta.
Islands
The islands of Severnaya Zemlya on the size by:
- October Revolution Island ( 14,204 km ²)
- Bolshevik Island ( 11,312 km ²)
- Komsomolets Island ( 8812 km ²)
- Pioneer Island ( 1527 km ²)
- Schmidt- island ( 467 km ²)
- Small Taimyr Island (232 km ²)
- In addition, more than 25 smaller islands.
History
Discovery and Exploration
Some of the islands of Severnaya Zemlya were discovered in April 1913 on a privately financed expedition ship by Boris Andreyevich Wilkizki in the ice of the Arctic Ocean, but rather involuntarily. She was since 1850 an often repeated attempt to find an ice-free as possible northeast passage. From 15 to May 18, 1928 Umberto Nobile visited Coming archipelago in the airship Italia Spitsbergen. From 1930 to 1932, the islands of Georgy Alexeyevich Ushakov and Nikolai Nikolayevich Urwanzew were measured and investigated.
In July 1931, the airship LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin started a research trip to the Arctic. In a few days the expedition brought about an almost complete survey of the land mass between 40 and 110 degrees east of Franz Josef Land, Severnaya Zemlya until after. Here, half a dozen islands was discovered, others have been removed from the card and filled one of the last white spots of the world map. The Zeppelin needed for only a few days. A sea and land expedition would have needed for a comparable amount of work for several years.
1947 items were found on the island that could be associated with the 1913 lost expedition of the Russian geologist Vladimir Alexandrovich Rusanov. Thus, it is likely that this group has already reached the islands.
Today, only a small meteorological station located on the Golomjanny Island, which lies to the west of the archipelago ( in the group of Sedov Islands).
Name
The archipelago as a whole was initially called Nicholas II country (Russian Земля Николая II), the individual islands (where then identified at all ) to female saints of the Orthodox Church calls. The island group and the individual islands were given in 1926 by the Executive Committee of the CPSU its present name.
Currently, there is debate about whether the renaming of the archipelago and its islands again should be reversed, with the islands was not yet known also names of female saints are proposed.
Trivia
Musical
In the fall of 2002, the premiere of the musical Nord-Ost was held in Moscow, on an adventure novel Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kawerins († 1989) is based. A pair of lovers researching the old letters of " two captains " after which date from the period 1912-1944 and also report the discovery.
Film World
" Severnaya Zemlya " also was the name of the fictional Russian satellite monitoring station in the James Bond film GoldenEye. This was, however - as is evident from the maps shown at the end - somewhere in Central Siberia.