Shabaka

Shabaka (also Sabakos ) was the third pharaoh (king) of the Kushite 25th dynasty and the first who resided in Egypt. Shabaka is the successor of his brother Piye. His reign is to be set to 716 BC until 707/706 BC. He is the son of Kashta and Pabatma, brother of the God's Wife of Amun, Amenirdis I., father of the High Priest of Amun, Haremachet, and perhaps the Tanwetamani. A wife is Mesbet.

Regency

Shabaka came in the fifth year of the reign Bakenrenef, about ten to eleven years after Tefnachtes the throne, and about 30 to 31 years after the beginning Pijes reign on the throne. In his second year Shabaka conquered, perhaps in response to expansionary aspirations of Bakenrenef, Egypt. He is said to have burned after Manetho this alive, which is, however, strongly challenged.

Shabaka completed a program begun by Bakenrenef Apis funeral ( inscription in the Apisgruft from the second year). This marks the transition of power in Memphis. The establishment of his rule can not be reconstructed in detail. It is in the Delta by donation stelae Pharbaithos ( year 2, the local prince Patjenfi ( 2) ), Safata at Bubastis ( year 3; ? Report directly Shabaka ), Buto (Year 6) and witnesses to the construction documents, while at Karnak a Nilstandvermerks also the supremacy of Shabaka in the 2nd year identifies. A Gedenkskarabäus that was issued after the victory, called sweepingly victory over the rebels in the north and the south of Egypt and in the foreign countries, and to be subjected to Shabaka Bedouin ( Sinai?, Or allusion to the small principalities of southern Palestine? ). The said in Manetho for Sais " Äthiope " Ammeris ( prosaitische Dynasty) was probably a governor of Shabaka in the north.

The oldest evidence Schabakas dated from his 15th regnal year on the 15th Schemu II, which is why Rolf Krauss the year 716/715 BC as the latest possible start Government (November 21, Greg. ) Determined.

Titulary

In his choice of archaic titulary he revives the tradition.

• Horus, Nebti and gold Name: The two countries blesses
• Throne name Nefer -ka- Re ( With perfect Ka, a re )

Another sign for the preservation of old traditions reflected in the fact that it can transmit an important text for the Egyptian religion, the Memorial memphitischer theology from a " eaten of worms papyrus " on a granite slab. The text probably dates from the 18th or 19th dynasty, but could also be a political propaganda of Shabaka be yourself. Furthermore, the experts are not quite agree.

Shabaka avoided any confrontation with the Assyrian empire under Sarginu ( Sargon II ), which now controlled the Syro- Palestine area. King Iamani of Ashdod arose, perhaps with the help of Osorkon IV, against Sargon. Iamani himself had overthrown his predecessor Achimeti. This was a Änhänger of Assyria. After Ashdod and other cities of Sargon had been conquered, Iamani fled to Egypt, but was delivered by Shabaka to Assyria.

Construction and cult policy

In Bubastis the handle of a sistrum; in Athribis a lintel; Sais in two columns and to the pillars of the river delta; Memphis and Sakkara in, inter alia, a [ or more ] chapel, a second Apisbegräbnis his reign in the 14th year, Stele, statuettes and small objects; in the oasis Bahariyya a block; at Abydos grave or cenotaph of the daughter of Shabaka; in Dendera enclosure and monuments of gold and silver by the stele of the builder Paudenhor; in Medamud a portico, in Medinet Habu a pylon of the small temple; Karnak in the restoration of the fourth pylon and stem, decoration in the temple of Ptah, the renewal of the "treasure house " in the north of the Festival Hall of Thutmose III.und work on a " Gold House " ( columned north of the 3rd pylon ), consecration ( with Amenirdis ) a chapel of Osiris - Lord - of - life, predecessor of the building of Taharqa at the Holy See; reliefs in Luxor and portico; Wadi Hammamat in an inscription of the 12th year and in Esna a Naos. In Nubia (not even in Elephantine ) Shabaka is not attested. In return, testimonies found in Sudan as work on the temple of Kawa ( column with dedication to Anukis ); Small finds, including Zerenmonialstempel from the basin of Dongola.

His grave

Shabaka was buried in a pyramid in El- Kurru in Sudan. From the grave equipment remains are preserved. In addition, the burial of his horses was, as with Piye, found. His king plastic is also very well preserved.

The memory of Shabaka and the other pharaohs of the Kushite dynasty later of Psammetichus II persecuted.