Sida (plant)

Sida spinosa

The plant genus Sida belongs to the mallow family ( Malvaceae ). The 125 to 150 species occur worldwide, but mainly in the tropics and subtropics, before. There are species in Africa, Asia, Australia, North and South America and the Pacific islands, but about two -thirds of the species occur in the New World.

  • 2.1 selected species
  • 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

Sida species grow as annuals or perennial herbaceous plants, subshrubs or shrubs that reach heights of growth of up to 2 meters. Most above-ground parts of plants have star hair, simple hair and / or glandular hairs. The alternate arranged leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The simple leaf blades are rarely lobed and often toothed. There are yet no extrafloral nectaries on the leaves. The stipules are thread-like or narrowly lanceolate.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers appear singly or page or two of almost terminal, often in lateral or terminal racemose or paniculate, rarely in doldigen or knäueligen inflorescences together. There is no by- cup available.

The hermaphrodite, five petals have a double perianth. The five sepals are fused bell-shaped or cup-shaped. The five petals are fused only at their base a little. The color of the petals ranges from mostly yellow, rarely white, pink to purple to more or less orange, sometimes with a dark center. In the subfamily Malvoideae the many stamens are fused into a tube surrounding the stamp. The staminal tube is pubescent or glabrous and ends with many anthers. Five to ten carpels are fused to an upper permanent, five-to zehnkammerigen ovary. The ovary chamber only one hanging ovule is present. There are five to ten pen branches exist, each terminating in a capitate stigma.

Fruit and seeds

The more or less disc-shaped or spherical schizocarp usually divided into five to ten ( 4-14 ) is part of fruit. The partial fruits are smooth or sculptured, sometimes partially membranous, usually beaked, often covered with one or two bristles, often tiny, fluffy with stellate hairs. At maturity, the fruit part or remain open closed. In every part of the fruit is a seed. The seeds are smooth or sometimes they show tiny hairs around the hilum.

System

The first publication of the generic name Sida was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 2, pp. 683-686. The generic name Sida was adopted by Linnaeus from the writings of Theophrastus, who used it for Nymphaea alba. As lectotype was established in 1913 by Britton & Brown the way Sida alnifolia L..

The genus belongs to the tribe Sida Malveae in the subfamily Malvoideae within the family Malvaceae. Sida is a relatively large, heterogeneous, paraphyletic genus, from which a number of new genera: Allosidastrum, Bastardiopsis, Billieturnera, Dendrosida, Krapovickasia, Malvella, Meximalva, Rhynchosida, Sidastrum and Tetrasida were spun. A synonym for Sida L. Pseudomalachra ( K.Schum. ) Monteiro.

Selected species

There are about 125 to 150 species of Sida:

  • Sida acuta Burm. f: Their range extends from India, Bhutan, Nepal, China, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam.
  • Sida alnifolia L.: Their range extends from India, Thailand, Taiwan, China and Vietnam.
  • Sida angustifolia L.
  • Sida calyxhymenia J.Gay ex DC.
  • Sida cardiophylla ( Benth. ) F.Muell.
  • Sida chinensis Retzius: It occurs only in Hainan, Yunnan and Taiwan.
  • Sida ciliaris L.; Home: North and South America
  • Sida cleisocalyx F.Muell.
  • Sida clementii Dominguez
  • Sida cordata ( Burm. f ) Borss. Waalk. Pantropic today from this kind no original area of ​​distribution is known.
  • Mallow or Indian mallow ( Sida cordifolia L.): it is more or less widespread pantropical.
  • Sida cordifolioides KMFeng: This endemic species is found only in Hunan Wing Shun.
  • Sida cryphiopetala F.Muell.
  • Sida echinocarpa F.Muell.
  • Sida elliottii Torr. & A. Gray
  • Sida fallax Walp. It occurs in Oceania.
  • Sida glabra Mill; Home: North and South America
  • Sida glomerata Cav.; Home: Central and South America
  • Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby; Home: USA
  • Sida intricata F.Muell.
  • Sida javensis Cav. It is widespread in South Asia.
  • Sida kingii F.Muell.
  • Sida linifolia Juss. ex Cav.; Home: Africa and the Americas
  • Sida lomageiton Ulbr.
  • Sida mysorensis Wight & Arnott: Their range extends from India, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Indonesia to the Philippines.
  • Sida orientalis Cav. It occurs in Taiwan and southern Yunnan.
  • Sida quinquevalvacea JLLiu: It comes at altitudes 1100-1600 meters before only in the southwestern Sichuan.
  • Sida phaeotricha F.Muell.
  • Sida physocalyx F.Muell.
  • Sida spenceriana F.Muell.
  • Sida rhombifolia L.: Their distribution is pantropical.
  • Sida spinosa L. (syn.: Sida alba L.); Home: America, Africa, Sri Lanka and Australia
  • Sida subcordata Spanoghe: Their range extends from India, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, China and Vietnam.
  • Sida szechuensis Matsuda: It comes in altitude 300-1800 meters in Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan ago.
  • Sida trichopoda F.Muell.
  • Sida urens L.; Home: Africa, Madagascar, Mexico, Central and South America
  • Sida yunnanensis SYHu: It occurs in Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan.

Use

The so-called Riesenmalwe is harvested as a renewable resource; it has similar ash and weight a similar calorific value as wood.

Swell

  • Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert & Laurence J. Dorr: Malvaceae in the Flora of China, Volume 12, 2007, p 270: Sida - Online. (Section Description, systematics and distribution )
Umbel Ovary (botany) Nicolaas Laurens Burman George Bentham Heat of combustion
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