Siegmund Jakob Baumgarten

Siegmund Jacob Baumgarten ( born March 14, 1706 Wolmirstedt; † July 4, 1757 in Halle ( Saale) ) was a German Protestant theologian.

Life

The eldest son of the pastor Jakob Baumgarten and his wife Rosina Elisabeth (born Wiedemann ) health was unstable since early youth. He spent the first child years in Berlin with his grandparents and in Wolmirstedt. Since the age of six, he received private lessons, that earned the backbone of the Philosophical Sciences, and was brought up by his father to theology. After his death in 1722, he attended the Pädagogium the Halle orphanage and spent his life in Halle an der Saale.

Despite health restrictions took Baumgarten in 1724 to study at the University of Halle in and found refuge in the house God Help August Francke, the son of August Hermann Francke. Initially, he focused mainly on the study of Oriental languages. To this end, he took lessons with Heinrich Christian Immanuel Frommann in Rabbinic and attended lectures by Christian Benedict Michaelis in Chaldean, Syriac, Arabic and Ethiopic. In 1725 he became a teacher at the orphanage and the following year the inspector associated Latin School. After he had had occasion already at the orphanage to practice in preaching, he took over in 1728, a preacher at the Market Church of Our Lady. At the University of Baumgarten probably acquired his master's degree in 1731 and then took lectures on the philosophy faculty. Among his students and his younger brothers Alexander Gottlieb and Nathanael included. Along with August Gottlieb Spangenberg Baumgarten in 1732 was appointed as adjuncts of the theological faculty in 1734 and appointed professor of theology. As such, he also participated in the organizational tasks of the university and had 1748/49 held the Vice President's Office.

Baumgarten married on May 13, 1734 Henriette Elenore of Bomsdorf (* April 16, 1712 ), daughter of the Royal Polish and Electoral Saxon colonels Philipp Wilhelm von Bomsdorf. At least five children from the marriage out: Christiane Henriette ( born May 31, 1736), Mary Elenora ( born June 7, 1738), Siegmund Heinrich ( born February 2, 1740), Charlotte Wilhelmine ( born January 25, 1743) and Heinrich Jakob ( born July 24, 1745)

Work

Baumgarten is considered as a transition between the old theologian and liberal Protestantism, which brought together the different and sometimes contradictory traits in the theology of the 18th century. Personally, he remained attached to an orthodox Lutheranism and spirituality of Halle Pietism. Many contemporaries saw in him but a follower of the philosophy of Christian Wolff, therefore, in Joachim Lange, the sworn enemy Wolff, intrigued within the theological faculty against Baumgarten. Baumgarten turned the demonstrative method of Wolff with caution on the ethics ( lessons from the legitimate behavior of a Christian or theological morality, Hall 1738 and passim ) and dogmatics (Evangelical Doctrine of the Faith, Hall from 1759 to 1760, 3 vols ) to. At the end of its effectiveness employment came with the story in the foreground. Without intending it, he thus made preparations for the development of the historical-critical method in exegesis by his pupil Johann Salomo Semler.

To the German literature has Baumgarten by his translation of the English scholars generally prepared by world history; rendered outstanding (Hall 1744-59, 18 vols continued by Semler ).

Works

  • Dissertatio Theologica de dictis Scripturae Sacrae probantibus. Hall in 1735.
  • Dissertatio theologico - moralis de gradibus peccatorum. Hall 1736th
  • Disputatio prima de Sacra Scriptura. Hall 1739th
  • Examination Miraculi legionis fulminatricis contra Thomam Woolstonum. Hall in 1740.
  • Programmata cum appendice epistolarum. Hall in 1740.
  • Dissertatio Theologica exhibens demonstrationem Extra ecclesiam non dari salutem. Hall in 1742.
  • Historia trisagii. Hall 1744.
  • Examination variarum opinionum de regno posterorum Abrahami in Egypto. Hall 1744.
  • Summary of church history, from the birth of Jesus. (4 vols ). Hall 1743-62.
  • Theses theologicae elementary doctrinae sanctioris ... complexae. Hall in 1746.
  • News from Halle Library (8 vols ). Hall 1748-1751.
  • News of strange books (12 vols ) 1752-58 Hall.
  • Shelters a history of religious parties, or worship Geselschaften, and the same dispute as want as divisions, except and in Christendom. Hall 1755.
Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten Johann Joachim Lange Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie Johann Jakob Herzog August Hermann Niemeyer Johann Gottfried Gruber Neue Deutsche Biographie Johann Heinrich Zedler Integrated Authority File
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