Solanum abutiloides
Solanum abutiloides - flowers and leaves
Solanum abutiloides (also called " dwarf tree tomato", " Zwergtamarillo " or " Brazilian Velvet Peach " ) ( Syn: Cyphomandra abutiloides ) is a plant of the genus Solanum (Solanum ) and is classified in the section there Brevantherum. It is sometimes cultivated for its small, egg-shaped orange fruits.
- 4.1 Notes and references
- 4.2 Literature
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Solanum abutiloides is a small, only 1 to 3 m high, not reinforced shrub or tree. Young twigs are turning round, yellowish green and weichfilzig hairy throughout with stellate trichomes, which can be short - or long-stalked and are glandular. On older branches and the trunk the bark is yellowish brown.
The sympodial units have several leaves, ovate to narrowly ovate axillary leaves are often formed in the axils. The leaves are simple, their leaf blade is ovate to broadly ovate, 7-27 cm long and 6-12 cm wide, membranous strong smelling and colored dark green. The top is pale green, velvety hairy, the trichomes are separated from each other until they overlap. The coat consists of resting and short - stalked, elongated star-shaped, glandular trichomes along with an extra-long central arm. The underside is pubescent tomentose, the hairs similar to the stem axis. On each side of the midrib six to eight side strands are formed. The leaf base is cordate, leaf margin is entire, the tip is pointed. The petiole is about 1 /3 of the length of the blade and thus reached lengths of between 2 and 10 cm. He is busy with ride- up sooner or later dickstieligen trichomes.
Inflorescences and flowers
The inflorescences are 5-14 cm long, branched, hairy woolly, are pseudo- terminal and consist of 25 to 60 apparently hermaphroditic flowers. The peduncle is 8.3 to 12 cm long and 0.1 to 0.4 cm thick, the rachis is 0.5 to 2.5 cm long. The flower stems are initially 3-6 mm long, extended on the fruit but from 5 to 16 cm. They are separated by only 2 to 3.5 cm. Your base is slightly wider and articulated.
The buds have just before flowering a length of 7 to 9 mm, they are elongated to elliptical. The crown is woolly with glandular in the bud, seated to short-stalked stellate trichomes hairy. The seam between the sepals can not be determined, the calyx separates early during development of the bud on. The chalice is to bloom almost bell-shaped, 7 to 9.5 mm long, of which the calyx tube comprises 3 to 4 mm. The calyx lobes are 2/3 the length almost to the base separated from each other and are lanceolate to halbeiförmig, almost leathery and 2.5 to 9.3 mm long and 2.2 to 5.5 mm wide. Their coat consists of star-shaped, mostly seated, glandular trichomes. By their fruits, the calyx lobes slightly increase and then 6.5 to 10 mm long and 3.2 up to 6 mm wide. The crown is white to bluish-colored, has a diameter of 1.5 to 1.8 cm, 8 to 10.5 mm long, star -shaped and membranous, but works through a very hairy thickened. The corolla tube is 4 to 4.5 mm long. The Corolla lobe are 4-7 mm long and formed from 3 to 4.8 mm wide, ovate - lanceolate.
The stamens set at about 1.7 to 1.9 mm above the base of the crown, they are 1.3 to 2 mm long and glabrous. The anthers are yellow, 2.7 to 4.3 mm long, from 1 to 1.6 mm wide, elongated and stumpfspitzig. They are free from each other and open through outward pores that extend in age to longitudinal slits. The ovary is conical and tomentose pubescent with simple and stellate trichomes. The stylus is beyond the stamens, 4 to 4.4 mm long and has a diameter of 0.2 to 0.4 mm. He is hairless or carries in the lower half of a few star-shaped hairs. The scar is capitate.
Fruit and seeds
The fruits are fleshy, conical to spherical berries with a diameter of 1 to 1.1 cm, which are flattened at the top. When ripe they are yellow colored, by dry they turn dark brown to. The resistant coat consists of resting or short-stalked, simple or stellate trichomes.
The seeds are 1.2 to 1.5 mm long and 1 to 1.3 mm wide, triangular, or nearly circular, yellowish and with a reticulate - dotted surface.
Occurrences and locations
Solanum abutiloides is spread along the Cordillera Central in Bolivia and on the eastern slopes of the Andes in Argentina. It grows in thickets, rocky or sandy river banks and open, disturbed areas. It is usually found in higher altitudes 900-3600 m.
Systematics and Botanical History
The species was first described in 1879 as Cyphomandra abutiloides by August Grisebach. Georg Bitter arranged the way in 1913 to the Solanum and there in the section Anthoresis one. Recent work arrange them in the section Solanum sect. Brevantherum a; Lynn Bohs includes in her monograph of the genus Cyphomandra ( as Solanum sect today. Pachyphylla out ) the type due to the construction of trichomes and anthers of the genus from.