Stegnosperma
Stegnosperma cubense
Stegnosperma is the only genus of the family of Stegnospermataceae in the order of the clove -like ( Caryophyllales ) within the angiosperms ( Magnoliopsida ). The distribution areas of only three or four species are in Central America, the Caribbean and the Sonoran Desert.
- 3.1 Notes and references
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Stegnosperma species are woody xerophytic plants, which form bushes or vines that reach heights of growth 1-8 meters. You have overhanging branches and all three species are more or less climbing. The anatomy of the wood distinguishes this family from all others. The anomalous secondary growth in thickness is made by a concentric cambium. The sieve tube plastid are the P-type. They are completely hairless (without trichomes ). The bark is gray to reddish- brown.
The alternate and spirally arranged leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The simple leaf blade is fleshy, succulent, 2-5 cm long, with Fiedernervatur and a smooth margin. Stipules are not available.
Generative features
They form lateral or terminal, or zymöse Rispige, traubigwirkende inflorescences, which have a maximum length of 10 cm. There are bracts and the flower two cover sheets available.
The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry, five petals have a diameter of only 5-8 mm and have a double perianth. The five green, durable sepals are fused at their base at most short and longer than petals. The five, rarely less, greenish, reddish to white petals are weak nailed. There are two circles, each with five fertile stamens present, and they project beyond the perianth. The stamens are fused at their base with each other to form a ring; that of the outer circles are not, but the inner circle are fused with the petals. The pollen grains have three apertures and are COLPAT. Three to five carpels are fused into a superior ovaries that are unilocular in the course of their development. In basal, free, central placentation are the three to five ovules. The maximum short pen has the same number of short, recurved scars like carpels from which it arises.
Are formed leathery three to fünffächerige capsule fruit having a diameter of 5 to 8 mm, and containing from one to five seeds. The small ( 2-3 mm), starchy seeds are surrounded by a large, fleshy, at first white, reddish when ripe aril. The black shiny seed coat ( testa) is thin and smooth. The well- differentiated embryo is oriented bent.
Ingredients
It is ellagic acid present.
Systematics and distribution
This neotropical family has deposits of Mexico over Central America up to the Caribbean Islands. They thrive in subtropical to tropical areas.
The first publication of the genus name Stegnosperma took place in 1844 by George Bentham in The botany of the voyage of HMS Sulphur, 17 The generic name Stegnosperma derives from the Greek and directly translated means " covered seed ". Type species is Stegnosperma halimifolium Benth .. The genus Stegnosperma was formerly classified as a subfamily Stegnospermoideae into the family of Phytolaccaceae and now forms a separate family Stegnospermataceae in the order Caryophyllales. The Stegnospermataceae family was set up in March 1942 by Takenoshin Nakai in Journal of Japanese Botany, 18, pp. 108.
The family contains only one genus with only three to four types:
- Stegnosperma cubense A.Rich. The original home is next to Cuba, other islands of the Greater Antilles, Central America to southern and eastern Mexico.
- Stegnosperma halimifolium Benth. Homeland is in Mexico, the northwestern part of the Sonoran Desert, Baja Norte and Baja Sur.
- Stegnosperma sanchezii Medrano & Medina: The home is the Mexican state of Puebla.
- Stegnosperma watsonii DJRogers: The home are Mexican states of Baja California, Sinaloa and Sonora.
Swell
- The Stegnospermataceae in APWebsite family. (Sections systematics and description)
- The Stegnospermataceae at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz family. ( Description section )
- Jon LR Every: Neotropical Neotropical Flowering Plants in Stegnospermataceae - neotropikey of Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew.
- Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg Alastair Culham & (ed.): Flowering Plant Families of the World. Firefly Books, Buffalo, NY 2007, ISBN 978-1-55407-206-4: Stegnospermataceae on page 310