Stendal Nuclear Power Plant
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Set construction ( gross ):
Set planning ( gross ):
The nuclear power station Stendal is not gone into operation and partly demolished nuclear power plant. It was, today, built in the GDR in the field of the place Niedergörne in the former district of Magdeburg Saxony -Anhalt, 15 kilometers northeast of Stendal on the left bank of the Elbe.
The power plant was to be the largest nuclear power plant in the GDR. Upon completion, the plant with a total capacity of 4,000 megawatts also the largest nuclear power station would become whole. It was built on the site of the razed especially for this purpose hamlet Niedergörne the city Arneburg. This direct access to the Elbe was created with its own harbor. The power plant was on the railway line Stendal Niedergörne.
Planning
On April 16, 1970, the Presidium of the Council of Ministers of the GDR had decided to build by 1980 a third nuclear power plant north of Magdeburg with a total capacity of 4000 MW. It should be used in containment design with 1,000 MW newly developed Soviet pressurized water reactors. Due to the expected delivery problems of the 1000 - MW units, the Bureau of the Council of Ministers decided on 31 January 1973 that the nuclear power plant III Magdeburg be realized in a first stage, similar to the NPP II in Lubmin with four 440 MW reactors to 1981 should. Since these older reactor design did not meet the safety requirements to be built near a major city like Magdeburg can had to find a new location. From the nine possible mid-1972 the 120 inhabitants place Niedergörne already been chosen, since a small number of inhabitants to resettle here and the possibility of direct cooling water withdrawal from the river Elbe was. The proximity of the town of Stendal was beneficial for the accommodation of the construction and installation personnel as well as later operating personnel. From this point, the NPP III nuclear power station Stendal was called.
The opening of the construction site for the nuclear power station Stendal was officially announced in the People's Voice on August 1, 1974.
On 1 January 1975, the VEB Stendal NPP was founded, which from then on as an investment principal to the general contractor VEB Kraftwerksanlagenbau Berlin functioned and should be the future operator of the NPP. First, the task of the people of Niedergörne in the surrounding communities Arneburg Old fence and relocate Osterburg and build new farms existed. The purpose of the land and buildings was compensated in accordance with the legal provisions of the GDR the owners. Furthermore, the site had to be set up, the power plant Planum and the roads made , and the water supply and site power supply can be ensured. In addition, in the second half of the 1970s as part of a " concerted territorial object program " ( TAOP ) was created 14,000 apartments in Stendal - city lake and South as well as in Osterburg to the corresponding supply facilities, a rail link from Stendal to Niedergörne for material and transport and equipment built for the transport of mainly housed in Stendal construction, installation and operations staff, and the road L16 expanded as a heavy duty competitive track. There were also a new clinic, schools and vocational training institutions, as well as a cultural center, restaurants and shopping.
In evaluating the Reaktorhaverie in Harrisburg late 1970s were the plans proposed by the USSR changed and the power plant is now designed with four reactors of type WWER-1000/320 in full pressure containment cooling tower recooling. The decision of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers for the technical design of the NPP Stendal with the construction of two 1,000 MW units in the first stage was taken in December 1979. This was based on Protocol No. 5 of 1965 concluded " intergovernmental agreement with the USSR on the expansion of cooperation in construction of nuclear power plants in the GDR" in September 1979. With this decision, once again delayed the completion of the technical project in the Project offices in Moscow and Berlin, so that in January 1982, the project planning documents could be handed over for the first stage of construction with two 1,000 MW reactors in full to the client.
By the then State Office for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection of the GDR, the nuclear regulatory approval of the location of the NPP Stendal on 14 November 1978, the construction permit for the 1000 - MW units A and B was issued September 10, 1979.
Technical concept
Typical of these and similar systems of Soviet design are the two cooling towers per reactor block ( 170.000 m³ / h) - a total of Stendal NPP were thus in the final design stage, eight cooling towers planned - as well as the nacelle is connected to the reactor building. The 150 -meter high cooling towers with a top diameter of 74 m should prevent overheating of the Elbe. They were connected by pipes with 2.6 m diameter with the main cooling water pumps of each block. The plan was, among other things, an intermediate cooling circuit, because the same is not applying enough water to cool all four reactors. In addition, a secondary cooling system was provided, which should be supplied by spray oak. So put each block an autonomous unit of work dar.
The turbo kit should consist of a turbine and a generator K1000-60/3000 TBB -1000 2 per reactor unit with an output of 1000 MW at a speed of 3000 rev / min. The 1000 - MW turbines were located at the time the project in 1981 but still in development, so that an uncertainty for their availability to the targeted commissioning 1987/88 was. Because of the possibility of part-load operation of the reactor and the associated increase security of supply two 500 MW turbine sets were originally from the GDR per reactor provided, but due to the lower capital expenditure decision was made for the 1000 -MW version.
The electrical energy generated should be fed about 3.5 km away substation black wood in the 220/380-kV-Verbundnetz the GDR.
When investing in Stendal in cooperation with the Moscow design office modified by the Academy of Architecture of the GDR for reactor containment technology was used. The containment should be produced in the already proven the NPP Nord, developed for the NPP Stendal steel cell assembly technique, which he differed from the Russian plants same type of construction.
Construction
According to IAEA was on 1 December 1982 with the construction of the block A, started on 1 December 1984 with the construction of the B block. In fact, the " first sod " for block A was already on 5 November 1981. For block A the completion of the base plate in October 1982, with completion of the reactor building to height 0 m in December 1985, the start of installation of the containment in steel cells composite construction in 1987 and was the completion of the first cooling tower in October 1988. blocks C and D initially remained in the planning stage. According to Ministerial Decision of 1973 should block A go in operation in 1989. Due to the delay in the project, the constant change of plans - even in the context of the nuclear accident at Chernobyl - and because of capacity and quality defects in the start-up date has been continually postponed. Last was sought after the decision of the Ministerats the GDR of 8 July 1987 on the " concept of long-term stable guarantee of the electric power supply to 1990 and beyond," in that block A from September to December 1991 on and block B from April to June 1993 go online should. The recording operation for block C was provided from September to December 1996 and for block D after 1996.
The district administration of the Ministry of State Security was watching all activities associated with the new power plant to prevent any protests against the building.
The nuclear power station Stendal could not be completed until the end of the GDR. The reasons for the long construction period, especially small project capacity were cited in power engineering and measurement, control and regulation technology and in the energy plant and mechanical engineering. The construction capacities were too low - the 9,500 construction workers employed could not obstruct more than 500 million marks a year. Finally, the existing equipment capacity also did not meet the requirements.
On 1 July 1990, the VEB nuclear power station Stendal was privatized for NPP Stendal GmbH and placed under the supervision of the THA. At this time, the block A to 75%, the block B is 50% and the auxiliary equipment of the two reactors were about 55%. The construction and assembly work was continued with decreasing intensity, as far as it would allow existing stocks and deposits. With the simultaneous occurrence of the Monetary, Economic and Social Union was from this point in the GDR the Atomic Energy Act of the Federal Republic of Germany, including the associated regulations. Although after the unification treaty for the construction license was a continuance, it was decided to carry out a new approval process for the construction and operation of the NPP Stendal. On September 17, 1990, a preliminary settlement freeze was decreed by the general contractor, the power plant and plant AG Berlin. The foreign construction companies left the construction site for the employees of local construction firms was reduced working hours "zero" features.
Costs
The project in Stendal was a lot more expensive than planned early 1980 with about 10 billion marks. In August 1988, the capital expenditure of 7.5 million marks per megawatt of power was, that the equivalent of about 15 billion dollars, estimated. According to a " Firm Offer " of December 1988, it was already expected a total cost of 17.962 billion mark, in 1990, costs were estimated from the energy plant of the GDR to 20 billion marks. The cost increases occurred after the reactor accident in Chernobyl mainly from the expansion of the technical equipment, in particular in the field of plant safety. They were also due to economic causes, especially in the supplier factories of the German Democratic Republic.
For the accelerated implementation of the nuclear power plant project in Greifswald and Stendal increasing the number of workers in the Combine power plant construction and its partners in 1987 sought to 7,000 employees and provided additional salary funds in the amount of 5.9 million marks. Middle of 1990 were at the construction site 7,500 employees on the construction site of NPP Stendal in use, 3,500 foreign workers, especially construction workers from Poland and welders from Yugoslavia and Hungary, which had proven their qualification for welding work in the nuclear field on Western European nuclear power plant construction sites.
The actual expenses to February 1990 indicated by Horlamus with about 3.8 billion marks in Gatzke issues up to mid 1990 in the amount of 5.8 billion marks may be mentioned. The way from the planned total expenditure of 18 billion marks small amount explained by the fact that the supply of the main equipment and the fuel elements that make up a large part of the investment costs, has not taken place. This equipment had been but already partially made with the Soviet manufacturers worth about 1 billion mark, the complete reactor for Block A in the heavy engineering plant Ischorsk and the 1,000-MW turbine, which was located in what was then Leningrad to the test. About 1.5 billion marks are proportionately in the objects of the " TAOP Stendal ", ie been regional infrastructure investments.
After the reunification
Since the end of 1989, close cooperation with the West German energy company Preussen Elektra AG Hannover, Bavaria Werk AG Munich Rhine-Westphalia Electricity Works AG Essen and the turbine manufacturer Siemens was Kraftwerk Union (KWU ) practiced Erlangen, which had the goal of possibilities and conditions for the continuation of to analyze the nuclear power plant construction in Stendal and prepare necessary decisions within the framework of the Intergovernmental Working Group " NPP in the new federal states ". As a result, opened in August 1990, a study, in addition to the completion of the A and B blocks with Soviet reactors and Western safety technology, the construction of the Units had C and D with 1300 MW pressurized water reactors, the convoy series from Siemens to content.
After the reunification of the application for the construction and operation of the block A of the NPP in the country newly elected government of Saxony- Anhalt was filed on 1 November 1990 by the Managing Director of NPP Stendal GmbH. In order not to jeopardize the newly launched approval process, the construction and assembly work was not resumed. Only the plans for the use of Western security and control systems have been further developed and financed by the THA.
Der Spiegel called it Christmas 1990 as " absurd spectacle " that the nuclear power plant was still continued to be built, " although economic, environmental and Finance Ministers are determined to complete the power plant in no case in state government and at state expense ." In a letter to yet Economics Minister Helmut Haussmann (FDP ) Trust CEO Detlev Rohwedder warned a political decision to be overdue. It did not make sense to continue to put money in the trust the nuclear power plants of the former GDR - neither in the disconnected yet in the resulting. The industry had made it clear earlier, wanting to spend own money for Stendal.
The demands of the West German energy companies to the federal government to acknowledge the liability exemption for the approval risk for NPP Stendal, has not complied with the reference to the Basic Law, which excluded a violation of free competition between private companies. Due to lack of business and financial basis of the construction of the two blocks started finally ceased in March 1991. From the THA, as a shareholder of NPP Stendal GmbH and power plant engineering GmbH Berlin, both companies have been instructed to handle the remaining investment contracts, what happened to the end of 1992 and the taxpayer again cost about 500 million DM.
The NPP Stendal GmbH was renamed AIG Altmark Industrie GmbH in 1991 and carries out on behalf of the Trust Agency performs the task of site development. AIG is trying to get into collaboration with West German energy companies the Stendal as energy site. With the support of the state government and the regional administrations for this that is designed for the combustion of imported hard coal power plant with 2 × 750 MW power was konzipert that should go into operation in 1998. This ancillary facilities of the NPP as the two cooling towers of the block A and the same port should be used with. According to this plan in 1992, a plot of 165 ha to VEAG administrative GmBH, now sold BPR Verwaltungs-GmbH. Shareholders of the CPD Verwaltungs-GmbH, the energy company E.ON and RWE. With the THA was agreed at the request of the states of Saxony and Brandenburg in 1994, not realizing this coal power plant before 2012, so as not to jeopardize the use of the East German lignite deposits in Lusatia and in central Germany.
In order to create space left for this coal power plant, the central nuclear Schwerbauten was demolished in the subsequent years. The reactor pressure vessel was 1990/1991 cut and scrapped in the wake of the closure of the site in Hamburg. The aboveground walkway (typical of Russian nuclear power plants of all types ) that connected all power plant building together, was largely demolished. Parts of the reactor building and the diesel generator building and a large part of the multi-purpose buildings are still standing. In this context, on 19 May 1994, the cooling tower for the block B and, as the possible use of the coal power plant took too long in coming and the maintenance costs were too high, blew up the cooling tower of block A and on 29 October 1999.
End of 1993, AIG Altmark Industrie GmbH was sold, including real estate on the 450 -hectare industrial area surface at a MBO / MBI buyer group and converted into the AIG Altmark Industrie AG in April 1994. This corporation was henceforth wearer of site development in collaboration with the regional bodies of the Verwaltungsgemeinschft Arneburg / Mark Kruse, the district of Stendal and the state government. After the land recycling and the demolition of the NPP building structures mid-1990s, the "Industrial and Commercial Park Altmark " in the settled new industries emerged. Also located in the former building of the NPP safety firefighters Technical center of the district of Stendal.
On the reclaimed area was 2004, a pulp mill, pulp Stendal GmbH Mercer International Group, put into operation. In the fall of 2006, the manufacturing of sanitary paper in the Delipapier GmbH, a subsidiary of the Italian paper company Sofidel began. 2012 was started by Weltec to build a refinery biomethane ( biogas plant with biogas processing ), which feeds since May 2013 a hour around 700 m³ purified biomethane into the gas grid.
The construction of RWE planned since 2008, coal-fired power plant should begin in 2011 and be operational by 2015. The total investment was estimated at 2.2 billion euros and it should be 100 jobs. Against the construction of a citizens' initiative has made environmental political reasons founded in May 2009. For economic reasons, RWE has this investment projects postponed in 2010.