Stiassnyiformes

Brood care Real clownfish. Eggs ( the orange area under the stone ) adhered with filaments on the ground, are a feature of the Ovalentaria.

The Ovalentaria ( Latin: " ova " = eggs, " lenta " = sticky or tough) are a species-rich Fischtaxon ( a systematic group) from the group of relatives perch ( Percomorphaceae ). The Ovalentaria include large groups of tropical freshwater fish such as cichlids and Zahnkärpflinge, inhabitants of coral reefs ( Damselfishes & mucus Fishy ) and taxa, including both marine fish and brackish and freshwater fish include (glass perch, mullet and Ährenfisch relatives). Authors in 2012 established taxon are William Leo Smith of the Field Museum of Natural History and Thomas J. Near the Peabody Museum of Natural History. The taxon includes about 4800 species in 40 families, or 27 % of the perch family and 16% of all fish species from the class of ray-finned fishes ( Euacanthomorphacea ). The close relationship of these outwardly different groups based on molecular studies and is supported only by morphological features of the eggs of animals.

The monophyly of parts of the Ovalentaria was found in previous phylogenetic work, but none of these studies included all taxa of this clade.

The most it was a group of ichthyologists of the Muséum national d' histoire naturelle in Paris, who found a kinship group with similar composition as the Ovalentaria and proposed to form a new order, which they gave the name " Stiassnyiformes " in honor of curator the Department of Ichthyology at the American Museum of Natural History, Melanie Stiassny, the suspected as early as 1993 that the mullet are related to groupers and guppies. However, they gave up a formal first description and not taken into account the principle of biological ranks, that an order (eg, the Zahnkärpflinge ( Cyprinodontiformes ) ) can not belong to a different order.

Definition

The Ovalentaria are a node-based taxon (node- based definition), the most recent common ancestor of Ambassis urotaenia, Mugil cephalus, Embiotoca lateralis, Pseudochromis fridmani, Gobiesox maeandricus, Gillellus semicinctus, Polycentrus schomburgkii, Pholidichthys leucotaenia, Cichla temensis, Labidesthes sicculus, Gambusia affinis and Oryzias latipes and includes all descendants of this ancestor with.

Features

A characteristic feature of the Ovalentaria are adhering to the ground falling eggs with adhesive Zellfilamenten the seed opening ( micropyle ) around. ( " Viviparous " = viviparous Latin ) in five taxa of Ovalentaria in the surf bass, the Zenarchopteridae, the Hochlandkärpflingen, the live-bearing tooth carp and some scaly blennies, it came to the development of viviparity. The viviparity must in these cases secondary and have developed independently. In other developed secondarily pelagic eggs (flying fish and some garfish ), or the pressure-sensitive adhesive filaments were lost again (with the mullet and surf perch ). Within the Ovalentaria is an intensive brood care found in many taxa (eg cichlids and Pholidichthys ).

In addition, many kinds of parts Ovalentaria some of the following features, which can not be used for diagnosis of the entire clade, but for lines within the major Ovalentaria.

System

The Ovalentaria stand in a sister group relationship with a clade of Carangimorpha ( Trevally relatives and flatfish ) and Anabantomorpharia ( labyrinth fish, snakeheads and Kiemenschlitzaalartige ). All three taxa together are the sister group of the Percomorpharia, which include among others the Armflosser, the pufferfish relatives and the Perciformes.

The following cladogram is the kinship of all belonging to the taxa Ovalentaria again:

Many spines ( Polycentridae )

Cichlids ( Cichlidae )

Pholidichthyidae

Ears Fishy ( Siluriformes )

Garfish behaved ( Beloniformes )

Zahnkärpflinge ( Cyprinodontiformes )

Glass perch ( Ambassidae )

Surf perch ( Embiotocidae )

Mullets ( Mugilidae )

Aalbarsche ( Congrogadidae )

Damselfish (Pomacentridae )

Miracle perch ( Plesiopidae )

Basslets ( Pseudochromidae )

Anthias ( Grammatidae )

Kiefer fish ( Opistognathidae )

Sign Pisces ( Gobiesocoidei )

Mucus Fishy ( Blennioidei )