Sviyaga River
The Sviyaga in Ulyanovsk
Position of Sviyaga ( Свияга ) in the catchment area of the Volga
The Sviyaga (Russian Свияга; Tatar Зөя / Zöyä ) is a 375 km long right tributary of the Volga River in the European part of Russia.
Course
The Sviyaga rises approximately 260 meters above sea level in the eastern part of the Volga plate, in a wooded area not far from the urban-type settlement Kusowatowo, about 30 kilometers southeast of the town Barysch. They first flows approximately 100 kilometers north-east direction until it approaches in the big city of Ulyanovsk on the Volga to less than two kilometers. About the high right bank of the Volga, which limits the Volga plate in the east, the Sviyaga flows there more than 40 meters above the level of the Volga, whose level was raised there by the Kuibyshev dam at 53 m. It opens at this point in the Volga, but removed again and flows approximately parallel to another about 170 miles in a straight line, however. In the opposite, northern flow direction to the Volga by a mostly wide valley When named after her village Swijaschsk, a former and historically important city, it finally joins the west of the capital of Tatarstan Kazan in the Volga. In this section, the upper end of the Kuibyshev reservoir, so that the mouth of the Sviyaga today some ten kilometers south of the natural confluence with the Volga is located in the reservoir, which was in the immediate vicinity of Swijaschsk.
Above the mouth of the Sviyaga reaches a width of more than 150 meters at a depth of about four meters. Where the flow rate is 0.2 m / s
The most important tributaries are Karla, Bula, Birlja, Kubnja (as 176 kilometers, the longest ) and Arja from the left and the Ulema of the right.
The etymology of the name is uncertain flow. He is either the Turkic words for water (see below) and flow, or attributed to Russian dialects of the 16th century, the name for wild ducks (see today Swijas for Widgeon ) or the verbs swit wreath witsja for ( it). Finno- Ugric influence also is not excluded; is the name of the river on Mari Süje wüd.
Hydrology
The catchment area of the river comprises 16.7 thousand km ².
The mean annual runoff is in estuary near 56.5 m³ / s, according to older data 26 km above the mouth of 34 m³ / s From November / early December to March / April, the river freezes over. On the 30 -day-long spring floods during the snow melt accounts for about 60 % of the annual runoff. In the remaining time the water level of Sviyaga and various tributaries is regulated by dams.
Use and infrastructure
The Sviyaga is navigable only in the last kilometers of the lower reaches.
At the river which rises in the Ulyanovsk Oblast and flows in the Republic of Tatarstan, or near adjacent to the Oblastverwaltungszentrum the Rajonzentren Kusowatowo, Ischejewka, Buinsk and Apastowo. The river is used for water supply and irrigation of agricultural land. 1957 Buinsk were in the villages and Kiryat Deuschewo near two small hydropower plants taken at the Sviyaga for local energy supply in operation ( power 250 or 310 kilowatts), but are now out of service.
The lower river is a regional natural monument of the Republic of Tatarstan under protection since 1978.
Ryazan - - Rusajewka - In the immediate vicinity of the source the Sviyaga of the railway line Moscow is Sysran crossed, on the middle reaches of the Ulyanovsk branch off of this route Insa - Tschischmy. You cross the A151 trunk roads of Ziwilsk to Ulyanovsk and further than Zweigstrecke the M5 Sysran and R178 of Saransk and on about Dimitrovgrad to Samara river.
From the Ulyanovsk railway Sysran follow - Swijaschsk ( Nischnije Wjasowyje at Selenodolsk ) and the trunk road R241 to Kazan the river at some distance downstream. Near the mouth crosses the west Kazan new trassierte M7 Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod - Kazan - Ufa the Sviyaga.