Symphony No. 1 (Schubert)
The Symphony No. 1 in D major, D. 82 is a symphony by Franz Schubert.
- 4.1 documents
- 4.2 Further Reading
Formation
Franz Schubert wrote the symphony in 1813 at the age of 16 years. When Schubert began composing, is uncertain, but by Schubert words' Finis et Fine. On the 28th October 1813 « known when the work was finished on the symphony.
At this time his residence was in the imperial- royal seminary to an end, where he met his friend Joseph von Spaun and he wrote in 1809 that " now the prison Fortunately [ ... ] " escape. For military-style school system was a Komponierverbot by his father due to Schubert's poor school performance.
The first performance of the symphony took place in Vienna in the autumn of 1813. It is uncertain whether the symphony was premiered by the orchestra of the Vienna City Seminary or by Otto Hartwig Orchestra Club, which had arisen out of the house quartet of Schubert's family. The simplified occupation, the compositional simplicity of a triplet of violins and viola in 4th movement let the orchestra Club suspect as uraufführendes Organ Symphony.
About the Music
Occupation
A flute, two oboes, two clarinets in A, two bassoons, two horns in D, two trumpets in D, timpani and strings.
First movement: Adagio - Allegro vivace
The individual parts of the sentence have as part of the genre of the symphony unusual dimensions. Thus, the main theme to only 60 cycles and the page set of the third part extends to 20 cycles, while more than 80 cycles.
In the solemn, slow introduction to the first movement a triad passes in strings and winds an octave, followed by a decreasing response of the violins. The last two bars of the introduction lead on by a drum roll and an arpeggiated triad to the Allegro vivace main theme of the movement. The main theme is similar to the theme from the final movement of Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 3 ( "Eroica" ), both in gesture and in details of the structure.
In the recapitulation, not only the main topic, but also the slow introduction is repeated. The same was found before the emergence of Schubert's Symphony No. 1 in Posthorn Serenade KV 320 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, in the Symphony No. 103 by Joseph Haydn ( the "Symphony Drum Roll " ) and the Piano Sonata No. 8 by Ludwig van Beethoven (the " Pathétique ").
Second movement: Andante
The rate is determined by the romance -like main theme in 6/8-Rhythmus. The standing in the tonic major part is repeated twice. During the first repetition ( from bar 43) takes place in an expanded form, ( from bar 92) sounds like a reprise of the second repetition. In the second set of falls on Schubert's motivic processing.
According to musicologist Walter Vetter this Andante is a " classical echo, colorless, impersonal, imitative ."
A widespread perception assumes that Schubert No. 38 (the " Prague Symphony " ) have based the composition on this Andante second movement of Mozart's Symphony. While both sets are in the same key and time signature, and - to a limited extent - use the same themes that speak other differences between sets, so musicologist Alfred Einstein, rather against this assumption.
Third movement: Menuetto. Allegretto
Originally the third set wore the tempo marking " Allegro vivace ", which was later changed by Schubert in " Allegretto". The set complies with the standard features of a minuet.
The Allegretto tempo of the movement emphasizes the border gesture of the district in the bass. The 33taktige trio has the character of a ländler; the cadence is characterized among other things by introducing an auxiliary note motif.
Fourth movement: Allegro vivace
The serene fourth movement follows the sonata form without a slow introduction; However, the exposure will not be repeated.
The main theme has a simple structure. The page set starts in clock 86 is related to the main theme of the final movement in character and instrumentation and is very similar to the main theme of the first movement. After a shortened recapitulation begins in measure 336, the coda with accelerated triplets and a descending chromatic bass line.
Effect
On 5 February 1881, the work was performed again on the occasion of a performance of all the Schubert symphonies at the Crystal Palace in London. The British press was impressed, given the maturity of the music, measured at the young age of their composers. Thus, for example, wrote The Guardian:
" A very interesting program was the performance of Schubert's First Symphony - a really wonderful work, considering that the composer was a ' guy ' of just 16 years. It has melodic richness, is instrumented enchanting and has no trace of an imbalance between content and form, the hallmark of > Early works so often. ' "
Was published the symphony in 1884 as part of the edited by Johannes Brahms complete edition of all the Old Schubert symphonies by the publisher Breitkopf & Härtel. Brahms certified youth symphonies so-called Schubert's no high artistic value and believe they " should was not released, but only saved with piety and perhaps made more accessible through copies ."
Antonín Dvořák was in his time one of the few admirers of Schubert's early symphonies, in which he - in spite of the influence of Haydn and Mozart - the " character of the melodies ", the harmonic progression and the many exquisite details of the orchestration of Schubert recognized individuality.
The autograph of the Symphony is now preserved by the Society of Friends of Music in Vienna.