Tabal
Tabal (Ta -ba -li ) was a luwisches Kingdom, northwest of Malatya in Turkey today. Its rulers saw themselves as successors of the Hittite kings and brought this item also in their inscriptions which are written in Hieroglyphenluwisch.
Location
The empire stretched from tabal Kululu to Göllü Dağ. The capital was Artulu. Tabal lay at the edge of the neo- Assyrian sphere of influence, and although it was the eastern superpower at times tributary, it never came to a real control by the Assyrians. On the black obelisk it is called a neighbor of Meliddu. It bordered on the kingdom of Tuwana ( Tyana ) and Hubušna ( Kybistra ) and at Que. Under Sennacherib is reported that Til - garimmu bordered on Tabali. At the time of Sargon II, it was a neighbor of Hilakku ( Cilicia ). In the neo- Assyrian sources is sometimes referred to as bit Burutas.
Swell
Since in this area have hardly taken place excavations and archives were not found by tabal, one has to rely for information on scarce and safely partisan Assyrian news. Even a few Urartian inscriptions mention tabal ( The Land of the dynasty of Tuatte ).
Designation
Tabal corresponds to the biblical Tubal. There is usually mentioned together with Meshech. As in the Assyrian sources often several kings mentioned by tabal, suppose researchers such as Seton Lloyd, that the word was used by the Assyrians to describe a covenant late Hittite principalities, at the then eg also Meliddu ( Melitene ), Kummuhu ( Commagene ), Tuhana ( Tuwana ) and Gurgum ( Maras ) belonged. This would, for example, also the rock relief of Ivriz showing a king Warpalawas, ruler of Tuhana before God Tahunzas, assigned to the kingdom tabal. As the ruler of tabal the title Great King claimed, his vassals could rightly be called kings.
History
Tuwatis, the ruler of tabal who called himself the Great King, and his son were Kiakki of Shalmaneser III. subject to the 837 BC in his 22nd palu crossed the Euphrates and the tribute of 24 petty princes of tabal (the " kings " called themselves ) who accepted.
Tiglath- pileser III also. ( 744-727 BC) boasted to have received the tribute of tabal. Except Wassurme of tabal, the Great King, Usitti of Atuna, Urbala'a of Tuhana, Tuhamme of Istundi and Wirime of Ḫubuškia as kings are called by tabal. To 732 BC tabal rose against the Assyrian rule, but was conquered by an Assyrian general who Wasu - Šamaš (or Scharumas ), the son of Tuwati began as a new vassal king.
718 BC rebelled tabal, subject along with Kiakki of Šinuhtu, Pisiriš of Carchemish and the muski rulers Mita ( Mi- ta -a) and was of Sargon II. He in turn appointed a new king, who was allowed to marry one of his daughters. 713 BC it came, probably due to the influence Urartus ( Sargon, a messenger Ur -sa -as, so Rusas ) and the muski to a new uprising, which the governor of the western provinces were prostrate. Now tabal was made the Assyrian province. 705 BC, another campaign of Sargon against tabal, Urartu and the muski is occupied. After the death of Sennacherib tabal fell from 681 BC again. 676 BC it allied itself with Mugallu, the king of the ( also conceived in rebellion ) Meliddu.
The growing power of muski now began to threaten tabal. To 660 BC asked an embassy to the court of Ashurbanipal to Assyrian protection. It was probably here an attempt to play off the two powers against each other. Mugallu king of tabal to Assurbanipal submitted together with the King of Aradus, he covered his feet, the daughter of his heart was a concubine of the Assyrian king. Tabal paid an annual tribute of "big horses ".
Bible
In the Bible ( Ezekiel 32.36 EU; 38,2,3 EU; 39.1 EU) are generally called Tubal, and Meshech, together, an indication that tabal and muski at this time were probably allies who continue in south were feared. In the last two quotations is named as their overlord Gog of the land of Magog, there is no consensus about its ethnic association.
In Ezekiel 27:13 EU come in complaining of Tyros among the people, the slaves and ore brought into the city, additionally Javan ( Greeks ) was added. This might have meant the inhabitants of the archaic trading settlements in Cilicia.
Also Isaiah 66:19 EU calls in his enumeration of the distant pagan peoples in the north and west Tubal and Javan together (to be once converted to Judaism ). Both Genesis and 1 Chronicles 10.2 EU 1.5 EU include Gomer, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras one behind the other, as the children of Japheth. Here no particular order can be seen, except that it is the residents of the north or north-west at all.
612 BC was not only the Assyrian empire, but also Anatolia to the Kızılırmak to the Medes.
Ruler
- 24 Kings, Great King Tuwatis (or Tuatti ) to 837 BC ( Shalmaneser III. )
- Kiakki, son of Tuwati to 837 BC ( Shalmaneser III. )
- Tuwatis, v. 770 BC
- Hulli, " son of a nobody" from around 730 BC
- Amb (a ) ris, son of Hulli married, with Ahat - abištu, a daughter of Sargon II to 713 BC
- 713-705 BC Assyrian province
- Mugallu / Mukalli under Assurbanipal
Gods
From inscriptions of the cult of a storm god ( Tarhuis from the vineyard ) and the Kubabaš of Carchemish is known, which should correspond to the Phrygian Cybele. The rock relief of Ivriz shows the god Tahunzas, which could also belong to the realm of gods tabal.