Tarma

Tarma (city) on the map of Peru

Santa Ana de la Ribera de Tarma is the capital of the province of Tarma in the department of Junin in Peru. It corresponds in fact to the district Tarma.

• 2.1 Pre-Columbian time
• 2.2 Viceroyalty of Peru
• 2.3 Republican period

Geography

Location

Tarma is located at an altitude of 3053 meters above sea level in the valley of the Río Tarma on the east side of the central Peruvian Andes; so is the city in the height level of the Tierra Fria or Quechua ( by Javier Pulgar Vidal ). The city is the capital of the province of Tarma, one of the nine provinces of the Junín Region (Spanish: Región Junín Quechua Xunin suyu ). Many public sector bodies have the surplus of meaning Tarmas as a central location dar. Tarma is as seat of the Diocese of Tarma with Bishop Richard Daniel Alarcón Urrutia, who was appointed in 2001, and at the initiative of its back in 2011, a campus of the Universidad Católica Sedes Sapientiae in Tarma was settled. Furthermore, Daniel Alcides Carrión the Universidad Nacional and the Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú located in the city field offices with headquarters Huancayo, which was founded in 2011 to Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Tarma altoandina were merged.

Economy

The environment is an important vegetable and flower cultivation center for the Peruvian capital Lima. Likewise, the potato cultivation in the area of importance for the whole of Peru. Located in Tarma wholesale market Mercado mayorista used due to its geographical position as a transit point between Sierra ( Andes) and Selva ( lowlands). Here traders from Oxapampa, La Merced, La Oroya and Cerro de Pasco hit. Within the province of Tarma exists Cemento Andino with a major cement plant for the whole of Peru. Increasingly, tourism has evolved as a major source of income of the city. In the vicinity of the city there are many archaeological sites, however mostly unexplored. In Acobamba ( province of Tarma ), is the famous pilgrimage site of the Santuario del Señor de Muruhay. When about 35 kilometers from Tarma remote cave Gruta de Huagapo it should be one of the deepest caves in South America.

Population

The city of Tarma currently has about 39,500 inhabitants ( INEI 2005). The eponymous district has about 50,000 inhabitants ( INEI 2005).

Traffic

The city is located on a major transport route which Lima with the Peruvian Selva Central ( rain forest in central Peru) connects. From Tarma exist well-developed connections to Huancayo and on La Oroya to Cerro de Pasco. By air Tarma is also served by Aeropuerto Francisco Carlé an hour's drive away.

Climate

In Tarma generally there is a moderate semi- arid climate. The average annual mean of the daily maximum temperature was in the period 1963-1980 at 19.3 ° C. The average annual mean daily minimum temperature was 6.3 ° C. In the same period, the average annual precipitation was 383.5 mm.

Vegetation

The landscape Tarmas was originally characterized by cloud forest. Through human intervention, especially logging for the mining industry, this vegetation type has been pushed back. Last remains can still be found in the neighboring district Huasahuasi (Province of Tarma ) in reserve Santuario Nacional Pampa Hermosa. An impact on the countryside around Tarmas are with eucalyptus (especially Eucalyptus globulus) afforested. It is hoped thereby to counteract the progressive denudation. Criticized here is the high fluid requirements of the allochthonous tree, which greatly lowers as the water table. The wood of the eucalyptus is usually used as a building material due to its nature. Current efforts pursue the planting of Caesalpinia spinosa, an autochthonous Art

History

Pre-Columbian time

Oral traditions indicate the existence of a people or the Taruma taramas, which are said to have settled in the area of ​​today's Tarmatambo (near Tarma ). During the reign of the Inca Pachacutec the local population to have been subjected.

Viceroyalty of Peru

1538 is considered the year of the founding of the city of Santa Ana de la Ribera de Tarma by the Spaniards. Initially built as a garrison town, Tarma will have soon developed into an important ecclesiastical center of the region. The first cadastral plan to originate from 1815; for this time, a number of 755 buildings and 3,500 residents is specified.

Republican period

Soon after the independence of Peru in 1821 Tarma was raised to the center of the newly established Departamento de Tarma. The region comprised the districts of Tarma, Jauja, Huancayo and Pasco. Through those based on mining wealth is Cerro de Pasco soon developed into the center of the region, and Tarma slowly lost its importance. Even during the Republican period Huancayo rose to the center of the entire Peruvian Central Andes Tarma and lost his final role as a significant central city of Peru.

Etymology

It is commonly believed that the name Tarma from the pre-Inca tribe of Taruma or taramas ( Quechua, "stubborn ", " inflexible " ) is derived, which moved between today's La Oroya and the cloud forest in front of San Ramón ( Chanchamayo ). Another interpretation is the origin of the name Taramayo ( Quechua, "River of Tarasträucher ", Caesalpinia Spinosa see ).

Sons and daughters of the town

• Manuel Apolinario Odría Amoretti (* November 26, 1897 in Tarma, † February 18, 1974 in Lima). General and politician who was 1948-1956 at the head of a military government president.