Technical pen
Pens, also ink pen or ink pen, to standards called ink drawing instruments, are crayons according to DIN 15 which are used for technical or bound drawing with tear tracks and machines of engineers, technical illustrators, cartographers, planners and architects. Were colloquially and often brand name of the manufacturer Rotring used as " Rapidograph " ( shortened to " Rapi " ) or " Isograph ".
With refillable or replaceable ink cartridges and with fixed weights they solved the previously common drawing pen from with freely adjustable width. As a precursor, you can watch the funnel spring and the Tuschefüllhalter with interchangeable springs ( tube springs and flat springs of different width).
After nowadays technical drawings are mostly created with CAD programs on the computer, ink pen are seldom in their original sense in use. Artists and graphic designers use it as a drawing instrument.
- 4.1 lettering stencils
- 4.2 character Template
- 4.3 Use with compass
- 4.4 razor blade
Principle of operation
The ink is by means of a helical channel controlled from a refillable reservoir or a disposable cartridge ( pressure equalization ) and a movable about the lying in a thin metal tube, light emerging at the write port Regulierdraht piston and smoothly guided through this tube (character pipe, tube spring ) that brings the ink at a constant line width on the drawing vehicle. The diameter of the tube determines the line width. The identification of the different line widths is done with a colored marker on the pins or by direct labeling in millimeters.
- Various disassembled ink pen
Ink pen from Rotring, before 1975
Rapidograph RB partially dismantled and filled with ink cartridge
Ink pen scribbler, 1970
Funnel spring as a precursor of the ink fountain pen
Drawing technique
Drawing support
Paper
Standardized drawings are usually created on natural high transparent paper according to the standard DIN ISO 9961. This at least 10 years under normal storage usable papers differ in their surface properties, they are made in smooth or matt.
Depending on the basis weight of the paper faulty lines can be removed up to four times without the drawing is unusable. These corrections should be made in accordance with the paper manufacturer. Are usual special erasers or pens, just as common is the shaving off the dried ink with razor blades, fiber posts or special scrapers. Just to remove lines, a special ink slicer was developed.
The originals in this way are reproduced as blueprints or photocopies.
Film
For processing card originals or eg the circuit design of printed circuit boards were transparent PVC plastic films ( Astralon or Sicoprint ) or coated mylar used as a drawing medium, which are mechanically resistant and impervious to moisture. These require the use of special foil inks, which damage the plastic surfaces. For the use of such anlösender inks (eg K- ink ) must be used for proper ink pen. The plastic parts of these pins are made from it not anlösendem ABS plastic and metal parts are partially protected with a layer of gold (example Folio graph later Isograph F Rotring made of gray plastic ).
The thus-processed originals are repro technically processed by contact copy on photographic film or film copy (so-called Astralonkopie ) on.
Ink
An ink is an aqueous liquid whose color is determined by the finest black soot dust according to the standard ISO 9957. This ink must be waterproof, temperature- resistant and fade-resistant. A shelf life of at least two years in unopened original packaging will be accepted.
Outside of this standard and colored inks were offered. Blue color (eg with a blueprint ) can not be copied, it can not be reproduced so make notes on documents. The solvates inks for plastic films, there were signs for design work in different colors.
In the late 1970s there were inks that were made based on latex and were offered as for film. This could - more bad than good - arts films are referred from polyester.
This is used instead of ink ink ink drawing device name is not allowed.
Other Uses
Ink pens are also used in pen plotters to draw a plot machine (eg a CAD created by technical drawing) under computer control on paper or film ( plot ).
Also common was the use in measuring writers as well as in label makers.
Accessories
By the DIN ISO 9175 standard minimum length and diameter of the character ink pen tips are integrated into a whole system of additional tools and equipment, collectively referred to tear stuff. Due to the length of the tip run underneath the ink is prevented under rulers and templates, as accessories manufacturers could develop a suitable bevel of their tools, for example. The predecessor of this standard, DIN 6775, marked suitable devices using a mark. The Micro Standard character was an over - and underlined lowercase m.
This symbol was not included in the current standard and is therefore obsolete, since June 1990. It had, however, been proven in practice and has been used probably later.
Lettering guides
For the standard headings laid down in the DIN 16 and DIN 17 there are templates in different sizes for the respective line widths. There are also non- standard fonts. Early 1980s were electric lettering devices on the market, could be used in the ink pen and entered via an alphanumeric keyboard, size and text to replace the time-consuming labeling using a stencil.
Character templates
For the standardized representation of symbols, there are special character templates. For example, circuit symbols for electrical diagrams or electrical and pneumatic circuits, furniture in standard sizes at different scales, shape and position tolerances, sanitary objects for planning in the construction industry and chemical structural formulas. Instead of circles are used for faster rendering of partial or full circles, stencil used with graduated diameters. For drawing ellipses, there are also templates, but which only cover a predetermined area of mathematical possibility.
Use with compass
The ink pen usually have a thread on the front end. In the circle boxes upscale to special shots with the corresponding mating thread were for fixing a ink filler. These recordings can, in addition to the commonly used two-legged compasses, and in special shapes such case, bow compass and calipers can hold up to about 120 centimeters use with radii. Often, however, internal threads are not compatible in circles and external threads on ink pens from different manufacturers under certain circumstances.
Razor blade
Another useful accessory when drawing on tracing paper and other non-absorbent materials, is a razor blade. This allows little " brats " that can occur when placing the rapidographs, very effective to remove. However, not too much pressure may be exercised, otherwise the sensitive paper is damaged. Larger areas are also possible, but such corrections are always visible.
Brand name
Under the " Rapidograph " brand different models of the company are sold Rotring, which developed the first ink pen. From her house was also the model " Isograph ".
In addition to the global market leader Rotring also other manufacturers of drawing tools, ink pen on offer. Staedtler sells its pens under the name "mars matic " on the German market still offer Faber-Castell and Aristo similar to filler. In other countries there are providers who usually supplied only their local market.
The leading position of the manufacturer Rotring has meant that ink pen in the English language are colloquially called " red ring " or " Rotring pen".
In the GDR, ink drawing instruments were (now Cleo Skribent GmbH) manufactured until the early 1980s exclusively by the company Cleo writing instruments under the brand Skribent, then there was also a series Pens with the name lin's 9 plus that from Füllhalterwerk Heiko in Wernigerode ( Kombinat striking ) was produced.