Tempranillo

Tempranillo is the most important red grape in Spain. The name of the grape variety derived from the Spanish word temprano = "early" from, accurately translated means tempranillo "little early ", because the Tempranillo berries are smaller and a little earlier than mature Garnacha grapes. It is often blended with Garnacha variety, for example in Rioja wine, a blend of Garnacha and Mazuelo, typically consisting of 60-90 % Tempranillo grapes and is deep red, spicy and long shelf life.

History

The Tempranillo grape is the main variety in La Rioja; overall it arrives in Spain with 113,000 hectares to second place among the varieties. The origin of the grape is clearly resolved today. It was long assumed that the Tempranillo is derived from Pinot Noir. After the reconquest of Spain from the Moors settled in the Rioja Cistercian monks settled that planted the first vines. Here, the young winegrowing benefited from the constant experience of the monks with the French Burgundy, where the wine even then had a long tradition. Genetic studies of the Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino ( Research Institute of Vine and Wine ) and the Madrid Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (Institute of Regional Development, Agriculture and Food ) from the year 2012 but showed that it is Tempranillo is a probable spontaneous crossing the white grape variety with the red Albillo Mayor Benedicto. In addition, one also purely indigenous, white mutation of Tempranillo was only recently discovered the Tempranillo Blanco.

Dissemination

The best-known growing regions are:

• Spain:
• La Rioja ( on the banks of the Ebro )
• Ribera del Duero ( on the banks of the Duero River, east of Valladolid)
• Penedès
• La Mancha, where large areas are grown mainly in Almansa and Valdepeñas.
• Navarre, where it is blended mainly with Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot with occasionally.
• He is pure expanded under the name Tinto Fino traditionally in Toro, which eg in Rioja and other Spanish -growing areas is done only in recent times.

• Portugal:
• Under the name of Tinta Roriz de Douro and Aragonez (or Aragonês ) in the Alentejo, as table wine and Port wine, as well as part of the blend in Dão wine.

In France, an area under vines of 882 acres was raised in 2007.

Ampelographic varietal characteristics

Tempranillo has thick -skinned berries, is compact in the vine and is used to produce darker, longer-lasting wines. It gives the wine a strong ' backbone ' and a scented, fruity character. The wines are mediocre in alcohol (about 11-13 %) and have great aging potential in the wood. They are characterized by elegant soft and sweet tannins, which is why they can be drunk as opposed to the Cabernets even as a young wine. Their strength comes only in Barriqueausbau apply (see also the article phenols in wine). This good quality can be produced, the crop yields should not 60 dt / ha exceed.

Synonyms

Depending on the region and country, there are many other names for this grape variety:

• In Ribera del Duero: Tinta del País, Aragonés, Tinto Fino
• In the Douro region in Portugal: Tinta Roriz
• In the Alentejo (east of Lisbon ): Aragonês or Aragonez
• In La Mancha and Valdepeñas: Cencibel
• In the wine region Toro Tinto Fino or Tinta de Toro
• In Catalonia: Ull de Llebre or Ojo de Liebre
• In Argentina: Tempranilla

In addition, Tempranillo under the name Albillo Negro, Aldepenas, Aragon, Aragonez 51, Aragonez because Ferra, Aragonez de Elvas, Arganda, Arinto Tinto, Cencibera, Chinchillana, Chinchillano, Chinchilyano, Cupani, De Por Aca, Escobera, Garnacho Fono, Grenache de Logrono, Jacibera, Jacibiera, Jacivera, Juan Garcia, Negra de Mesa, Negretto Ojo de Liebre, Olho de Lebre, Pinuela, Sensitive, Tempranillo de la Rioja, Tempranillo de Perralta, Tempranillo de Rioja, Tempranillo de Rioza, Tempranillo Rioja, Tinta Aragones, Tinta Corriente, Tinta de Madrid, Tinta de Santiago, Tinta do Inacio, Tinta do Pais, Tinta Fina, Tinta Madrid, Tinta Monteira, Tinta Monteiro, Tinta Roris, Tinta Santiago Aragon Tinto, Tinto Aragonez, Tinto de la Ribera, Tinto de Madrid, Tinto de Rioja Tinto de Toro, Tinto del Pais, Tinto del Toro, Tinto Madrid, Tinto Pais, Tinto Ribiera, Tinto Riojano, Ull de Liebre, Valdepenas, Verdiell and Vid de Aranda known.