Toplița, Hunedoara
Topliţa [ toplit͡sa ] (Hungarian Királybánytoplica or Toplica ) is a municipality in the district of Hunedoara in Transylvania, Romania.
Geographical location
The municipality is located in southwestern Topliţa of the Transylvanian Basin, north of the Poiana Rusca - Mountains. On Cerna - a left tributary of the Mureş ( Maros ) - in the center of the circle Hunedoara, the place is on the county road (drum Judetean ) DJ 687D, about 21 kilometers southwest of Hunedoara (Iron market); the district capital Deva ( Deva ) is located about 37 kilometers north of Topliţa away.
The eingemeindeten villages are located 1.2 to 3.4 kilometers from the community center and can be reached only partly badly paved gravel roads.
History
The place Topliţa was first mentioned in documents in 1482. A settlement of the region goes back, however, according to findings in the field of eingemeindeten village Goles (Hungarian Golles ) to the early Bronze Age. Since 1511 furnaces and forges are mentioned. These were 1850-1865 definitively closed down.
Mid-18th century caused by incentive measures of new technology for the production of iron by the Archduchy Austria multiple forging. 1778-1779 were undertaken research to increase iron production under the direction of Franz Joseph Müller von Reichenstein. On July 13, 1781 the first blast furnace in Topliţa was put into operation. 1787 528 tons of iron was produced at 112 days from 1563.9 tonnes of ore.
The main occupation of the population today, are the agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry.
Population
When recording from 1850 lived in the territory of the present municipality of 1,376 people. 1,186 of these were Romanians, 130 German, 52 Roma and eight Hungary. The highest population of the municipality ( 2202 ) - at the same time the Romanians ( 2095 ) and of Hungary ( 92) - was reached in 1910. The highest number of Germans and Roma in 1850 counted. In addition, in 1890 and 1966 per one resident described as Slovak. Since 1910, the population is steadily declining. 2002 lived on the territory of the municipality Topliţa 882 people, of whom 880 Romanians and two Hungarians.
Attractions
- The ruins of a furnace, built in 1781, are listed buildings.
- In eingemeindeten village Valari (Hungarian Valar ) the wooden church Sf. Nicolae, built in the 17th century, is a historical monument.
Pictures of the wooden church in Valari
Personalities
- Miron Cristea (1868-1939), was from 1925-1939 the first Romanian Orthodox Metropolitan; 1919 Honorary Member of the Romanian Academy. Cristea is ( according to different data) here in Topliţa or town Topliţa ( Toeplitz ) born in Harghita County.