Turkestan–Siberia Railway
The Turkestan - Siberian Railway, in short: Turksib (Russian Туркестано - Сибирская железная дорога, Турксиб ) is a 1927-1931 for linking Soviet Turkestan (now Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) built on the Trans-Siberian Railway railway line from Novosibirsk ( Russia) about Semipalatinsk and Almaty to Arys in Kazakhstan.
Prehistory
Even before and during the First World War later sections of the railway line were built from both directions.
This was east of the approximately 650 km long, opened 1915 Altai Railway ( Алтайская железная дорога / Altaiskaja schelesnaja doroga ) of Novonikolayevsk (now Novosibirsk ) about Barnaul to Semipalatinsk (now Semey ).
From the west was Arys (at the 1906 finished Tashkent Railroad / Ташкентская железная дорога between central Russia and Tashkent) a distance in the direction Aulije -Ata (later Djambul, today Taras ) and Werny (now Almaty), the former administrative center of the oblast Seven Rivers Country ( Semiretschje ) driven. Until the events of 1917 ( February and October revolutions ) caused temporary construction freeze were some 200 km to the station Burnoje, 70 km before Aulije -Ata completed. After the end of the Russian Civil War, the work was resumed, and in stages, the route was 1921 to Aulije -Ata in 1924 and further completed over Lugovaya to Pishpek (later today and Frunze Bishkek, capital of Kyrgyzstan ). Thus she was about 550 km long.
Soviet major project
From 1927, the compound of the two track pieces through the steppes and semi-deserts Südostkasachstans to a driven under considerable propagandistic effort building project of the First Five -Year Plan of the Soviet Union.
So even a documentary was released in their construction during the construction in 1929 under the direction of Viktor Turin. He is regarded as one of the central Russian documentary films of the late silent era. During this time, the term " Turkestan - Siberian Railway " or " Turksib " was coined.
The 1452 km long stretch between Semipalatinsk ( Semey ) and Lugovaya was finally opened in 1931. The term " Turksib " has been extended to the two " Altstrecken " so that he the 2351 km long total distance Novosibirsk - designated Arys. To establish a connection between the developing economy of Siberia was created (eg Kuzbass ) and very Soviet- Central Asia since железная Arys on the Tashkent route and the Ferghana Valley, Dushanbe as well as the built since the 1880s Trans-Caspian Railway ( Закаспийская дорога ) Samarkand, Bukhara, Ashgabat and finally Krasnovodsk (now Turkmenbashi ) could be achieved on the Caspian Sea.
Self Railway administration
With the opening of Turksib an independent railway administration Turkestan - Siberian Railway with headquarters in Alma- Ata ( Almaty) was founded on January 2, 1931, which, however, only the part of the track Semipalatinsk - Arys (1861 miles), and its connecting lines business, including:
- Lugovaya - Pishpek (from 1926 Frunze ) and stages (up to 1950) extension to Rybatschje (now Balyktschy ) at Issyk Kul: 322 km
- Alma- Ata ( Almaty), branch line to the city center (1931 ): 10 km
- Shymkent (now Shymkent ) - Lenggir (1934 ): 29 km
- Koksu - Taldy - Kurgan ( Taldyqorghan ) and Tekeli (1941 ): 95 km
- Djambul ( Taras ) - Qaratau (1946 ): 90 km
In 1953 the station Chu (now Kazakh schools, 300 km west of Alma- Ata) the direct connection of Turksib about the Karaganda Railroad ( Карагандинская железная дорога / Karagandinskaja schelesnaja doroga ) to Karaganda and the nordkasachische route network.
June 13, 1958, Turkestan - Siberian Railroad and Karaganda ( Казахская железная дорога / Kasachskaja schelesnaja doroga ) were used to Kazakh railway combined with administrative headquarters in Alma- Ata.
The mostly running on the territory of the RSFSR eastern section Novosibirsk - Semipalatinsk always remained at the "Siberian " railway administrations, first at the Tomsk Railway ( Томская железная дорога / Tomskaja schelesnaja doroga ) from which the Altai Railway was taken over in 1918, in the meantime from 1934 at the East Siberian Railway ( Восточно - Сибирская железная дорога / Wostotschno - Sibirskaja schelesnaja doroga ), and finally since 1961 in the West -Siberian Railway ( Западно - Сибирская железная дорога / Sapadno - Sibirskaja schelesnaja doroga, today only until the russian- Kazakh border at Lokot ).
Current situation
After several reorganizations in the 1970s and 1980s and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the original route of the Turksib, of the Russian- Kazakh border at Lokot to Arys, and most branch lines belong to the Kazakh State Railways ( Kazakh Қазақстан Темір Жолы / Qasaqstan Temir Scholy, operate under Kazakhstan Temir Scholy, KTS ) and represents one of the main transport links in the south dar.
Electrification started in 1989 from the west of the track in 2001 reached Almaty. In one section (Almaty - training ) have been running since 2003 between the country's largest city Almaty and the new capital Astana Talgo quickdraw, the fastest trains in the Kazakh railways.
The single-track, non-electrified branch line Lugovaya - Bishkek - Balyktschy other hand, is the only long stretch of the Kyrgyz State Railways ( Kyrgyz Кыргыз Темир Жолу / Kyrgys Temir Scholu ) dar.