Tusculum

Tusculum was located in the Alban Hills, near the present-day Frascati in antiquity and the Middle Ages, a town in Latium, southeast of Rome, in their environment in antiquity -rich Romans lived. The term is occasionally used today for areas with affluent residents.

Antiquity

The name probably derives from Tusculum from the era of the Etruscans (Latin Etrusci, Tusci ). After the defeat of the Tarquins at Regillus lacus by 496 BC, Tusculum joined the Romans and received 379 BC Roman citizenship (as municipium sine suffragio ). On Latinerkrieg ( 340-338 ) is involved Tusculum against Rome, but was treated mildly after his defeat and received full citizenship. In its vicinity since the late Republic were the mansions of noble Romans, for example, of Lucullus, Caesar, Hortalus Hortensius, Cato, Marius, and especially Cicero's famous " Tusculanum ," on which he does in his book Tusculanae Disputationes ( "Conversations in Tusculum " ) relates.

Middle Ages

In the 10th to 12th centuries was the capital of the county Tusculum Tusculum, whose ruling family came from the Roman patricians, and were named after their seat Tusculans.

This gained after long struggles with the Crescentiern in the 11th century, the power in Rome, where she presented 1012-1045 three popes ( Benedict VIII, John XIX. , And Benedict IX. ).

In 1167 there were at Tusculum to a battle in which Christian I of book and Raynald of Dassel with their knights a majority of Roman troops defeated.

Once in 1191 Pope Celestine III. and the Emperor Henry VI. Peace had closed, the city of Tusculum was destroyed by the Romans. Their ruins ( amphitheater, theater, castle ) located east above Frascati, which was founded by the displaced population Tusculums.

Counts of Tusculum

  • Theophylact I, † 915/924, Count of Tusculum
  • John Crescentius, papal chamberlain ( Vestrararius ), Count of Tusculum as the husband of Theodora II
  • Gregory I, * 935, † before June 2, 1013, Count of Tusculum, Consul and Dux
  • Theophylact II, * 980, † April 9, 1024, his son, Count of Tusculum to 1012, when Pope Benedict VIII from 1012 to 1024
  • Romanus, † November 6, 1032, his brother, Count of Tusculum, as John XIX. Pope 1024-1032
  • Alberich III. , To 975 *, † 1032/1044, whose brother, Count of Tusculum, Consul and Dux
  • Gregory II, * 1000, † 1054, whose son, Count of Tusculum
  • John his son, Count of Tusculum
  • Theophylact III. , † end of 1055, brother of Gregory II, Count of Tusculum, as Benedict IX. Pope from 1032-1048
  • Guido, whose brother, Count of Tusculum
  • John, † after 1073, whose son, Count of Tusculum, Bishop of Velletri, as Benedict X. antipope from 1058 to 1059
  • Peter I. * 1000, Brother Guido, Count of Tusculum
  • Octavian, whose brother, Count of Tusculum
  • Ptolemy I ( Ptolemy I), † 1126, Count of Tusculum
  • Ptolemy II ( Ptolemy II ), † 1153, whose son, Count of Tusculum, ∞ 1117 Bertha, illegitimate daughter of Emperor Henry V ( Salian )
  • Gionata, whose son, Count of Tusculum

Sons and daughters of the town

  • Marcus Porcius Cato the Censor ( * 234 BC; † 149 BC), known as Cato the Elder, Roman general, historian, writer and statesman.
Ancient history Etruscan civilization Tarquinius Battle of Lake Regillus Crescentii Pope John XIX Pope Benedict IX Christian I (archbishop of Mainz) Rainald of Dassel Amphitheatre Theophylact I, Count of Tusculum Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor Salian dynasty Dresden
275989
de