Urbano Rattazzi
Urbano Rattazzi ( born June 20, 1808 in Alessandria, † June 5, 1873 in Frosinone ) was a Piedmontese, and later Italian politician.
Rattazzi was according to the study of law in Turin, he practiced for a short time as a lawyer in Casale Monferrato, in 1848 he turned to politics, however. In April 1848 he was elected as MP for the constituency of Alessandria in the Parliament of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia and stayed for eleven legislatures delegate (from 1861 in the Italian Chamber of Deputies ).
He was appointed Minister of Education in the government Casati (July-August 1848) and served for a few days in office as minister of industry and agriculture, and then in the Ministry of Commerce. After the crisis in 1848 and the rise to power in December by Vincenzo Gioberti, he was until February 1849 Minister of Grace and Justice. In the cabinet Chiodo, he was appointed Minister of the Interior.
It was his duty to inform the House about the renewed fight against recording Austria and the defeat at the Battle of Novara. Precisely because of the disappointing events of 1849, he left the extreme left and founded the moderate left in 1852 along with the temperate rights - guaranteed latter led by Cavour, the stability of the government.
As Urbano Rattazzi was appointed on May 11, 1852 Minister, he gave up the post of President of Parliament. He first took over the Department of Justice and from May 1855 to January 1858 the Ministry of Interior. He initiated a number of reforms, including the prohibition of some monastic orders, a partial secularization of church property and the limitation of the influence of religious organizations. This earned him the enmity of the clergy, which he spontaneously joined in 1858 as minister.
In 1859 he was re-elected President of the Parliament, but left this office immediately to join the Government of La Marmora, where he led the Interior Ministry. In January 1860 he resigned from the cabinet after he had vainly resisted the surrender of Savoy and the county of Nice to the Second French Empire.
As a result, Rattazzi changed his foreign policy position and after the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, he was born on March 7, 1861 for the very first President of the Chamber of Deputies in Turin. After the fall of the government of Ricasòli March 4, 1862, he took over even the position of prime minister and officiated also as interior minister and foreign minister. But his resolute action against Giuseppe Garibaldi earned him many enemies and after the battle of Aspromonte he was, although victorious, out of office. From April to October 1867, he was again Prime Minister, but stumbled after the battle of Mentana again because of its ongoing open hostility against Garibaldi. Although he still was considered a major political representative of the left, he later received no higher, political office.
Urbano Rattazzi married in 1863 his second wife Marie- Lætitia Bonaparte Wyse ( 1833-1902 ), the daughter of British diplomat Thomas Wyse and his wife Lætitia Bonaparte ( 1804-1871 ), who was a niece of Napoleon Bonaparte.