Violarite
Violarit is a mineral from the mineral class of " sulfides and sulfosalts ," which can be partly abundant in various localities, but overall is not widespread. It crystallizes in the cubic crystal system with the composition Fe 2 Ni23 S4, ie chemically is an iron -nickel sulfide.
Violarit is opaque in all shapes and forms only low one out to massive, shiny metallic aggregate forms. In normal daylight, he usually shows a gray- violet color, which increases in incident light to a clearly visible violet. On the dash panel, however, the mineral leaves a black line.
Etymology and history
Was first discovered in the Violarit " Vermilion Mine" at Denison in the Canadian province of Ontario. described in 1924 Waldemar Lindgren and W. Myron Davy, who named the mineral based on its color after the Latin word " violaceus " for violet.
Classification
Already in the now outdated but still in use 8th edition of the mineral classification by Strunz was one of Violarit to the mineral class of " sulfides and sulfosalts " and then to the Department of " metal: sulfur, selenium, tellurium <1: 1", where he, together with Bornhardtit, Cadmoindit, Carrollite, Daubréelith, Fletcherit, Florensovit, greigite, Indit, Kalininit, linnaeite, Polydymit, Siegenit, Trüstedtit and Tyrrellit the " LineIt group " with the system no. II/D.01 formed.
The 9th edition valid since 2001 and of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA ) used the Strunz'schen Mineral classification assigns the Violarit also in the class of " sulfides and sulfosalts ," there, however, in the department of " metal sulfides with M: S = 3: 4 and 2: 3 ". This department is also further subdivided by the exact molar ratio of metal (M ) and sulfur ( S), so that the mineral according to its composition in the subsection "M: S = 3: 4" is to find where it together with Bornhardtit, Cadmoindit, Carrollite, Cuproiridsit, Cuprorhodsit, Daubréelith, Ferrorhodsit, Fletcherit, Florensovit, greigite, Indit, Kalininit, linnaeite, Malanit, Polydymit, Siegenit, Trüstedtit, Tyrrellit and Xingzhongit the " LineIt group " with the system no. 2.DA.05 forms.
The mainly common in English-speaking classification of minerals according to Dana assigns the Violarit into the class of " sulfides and sulfosalts " and there in the department of " sulfide minerals ." Here he is with linnaeite, Carrollite, Fletcherit, Tyrrellit, Bornhardtit, Siegenit, Polydymit, Trüstedtit, greigite, Daubréelith, Indit, Kalininit, Florensovit, Cuproiridsit, Cuprorhodsit, Malanit, Ferrorhodsit and Cadmoindit in the " Linneitgruppe ( Isometric: Fd3m ) " with the system number. 02:10:01 within the subdivision " sulfides - tellurides and selenides, including - with the composition AmBnXp, with (m n): p = 3: 4" to find.
Education and Locations
Violarit formed by hydrothermal processes from pentlandite and is found mostly as an ancillary part in intra- magmatic iron-nickel ores.
Worldwide, Violarit so far (as of 2012) are detected at about 235 localities. Apart from its type locality " Vermilion Mine" at Denison the mineral occurred yet in many other mines in the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba and Quebec as well as in St. Stephen in the Province of New Brunswick, in the "Tilt Cove Mine" at Betts Cove, Newfoundland, in the " rotting Stone Mine" in the province of Saskatchewan and the Well Green Cu -Ni -PGE deposit near Kluane near Whitehorse in Yukon.
In Germany Violarit to date only been in the pit " Friedrich August " in Horbach near St. Blaise in Baden- Württemberg, the Pit " Lammerichskaule " at top Lahr and on Moschellandsberg ( Landsberg) at Obermoschel in Rhineland- Palatinate, in the sulphide deposit be found at Sohland in Upper Lusatia in Saxony and in the Ronneburger uranium deposit in Thuringia.
In Austria, the mineral has been found only at a few localities such as, among others, in the serpentinite quarry near Griesserhof ( Gulitzen ) near Hirt in the district Friesach Hut Mountain (Carinthia ), the skull in the Hohe Tauern (Salzburg), in the " pit width- " on Hochlantsch (Styria ) and the Gumpachkreuz in the back Bichler Dorfertal in East Tyrol.
In Switzerland Violarit been joined Above stone in the canton of Grisons, in several mines in the municipality Ayer (Val d' Anniviers ) and the black horn in the Binn Valley in the canton of Valais on.
Other localities lie include Afghanistan, Egypt, Argentina, Ethiopia, Australia, Belgium, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Finland, France, Greenland, India, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, North and South Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, the Philippines, Russia, Zambia, Sweden, Zimbabwe, Slovakia, Spain, South Africa, the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom ( UK), the United States of America ( USA), Vietnam.
Crystal structure
Violarit crystallizes in the space group Fd3m cubic ( Raumgruppen-Nr. 227 ) with the lattice parameters a = 9.45 Å, and eight formula units per unit cell.