Volutaria
Volutaria crupinoides
The Volutaria form a genus in the subfamily Carduoideae within the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). The range extends mainly from the Iberian Peninsula and Macaronesia across North Africa, the Middle East and Southwest Asia.
Description
Volutaria species are annual herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth of about 50 centimeters depending on the type. They form taproots. Unlike many genera of the tribe Cynareae they are not prickly. The upright stems are branched. The alternate, basal and distributed along the stems arranged leaves are winged - petiolate or sessile and simple or divided. The leaf edges are smooth to toothed. The leaf surfaces are hairy and dotted tiny glandular.
The basket- shaped inflorescences are composed individually or too few in branched inflorescences. The egg-shaped inflorescence shell has a diameter of 1 to 1.5 centimeters. The many bracts are in some series; they are not equal and have a smooth edge and lace with back bent or flattened spines. The inflorescence is flat ground. The chaff leaves are bristly. The flower heads contain many flowers. The Carduoideae are, in contrast to the other sub- families, only tubular flowers available. The flower colors range from mostly pink to purple, rarely yellow to yellowish or blue; inner and outer flowers can be colored the same. The rand union tubular flowers are ungeschlechtig, sterile, more or less zygomorphic and enlarged. The inner tubular flowers are fertile with slender and cylindrical Kronröhren.
The more or less barrel-shaped achenes are slightly compressed and ribbed, sometimes with Elaiosom. The constant pappus consists of a few rows of many, not intergrown, narrow, white to tan scales.
Systematics and distribution
The original range extends mainly from the Iberian Peninsula and Macaronesia across North Africa, the Middle East and Southwest Asia, as well as East Africa, Ethiopia, Somalia and Yemen. Few species are invasive plants in some areas of the world.
The genus Volutaria in 1816 erected by Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini in Bulletin des Sciences par la Société Philomatique, p 200. Is the type species Volutaria lippii (L.) Cass. ex mayor. Synonyms for Volutaria Cass. are Cyanopsis Cass. and Volutarella Cass .. The botanical genus name Volutaria is composed of the Latin words for voluta rotated spirally and aria for possession, this refers to the spirally wound Kronlappen the type species.
The genus belongs to the subtribe Volutaria Centaureinae from the tribe Cynareae in the subfamily Carduoideae within the sunflower family ( Asteraceae).
The genus Volutaria include about 14 to 16 species:
- Volutaria abyssinica ( A.Rich. ) C.Jeffrey: Ethiopia.
- Volutaria albicaulis ( Deflers ) Wagenitz
- Volutaria belouinii ( Humbert ) Maire: Morocco.
- Volutaria bollei ( Bolle ) A.Hansen & G.Kunkel: Canary Islands.
- Volutaria boranensis ( Cufod. ) Wagenitz: East Africa, Ethiopia, Somalia and Yemen.
- Volutaria Wagenitz canariensis: Canary Islands.
- Volutaria djiboutensis Wagenitz: Northern East Africa.
- Volutaria maroccana ( Barratte & Murb. ) Maire: Originally probably only in Morocco, perhaps in Spain.
- Note cornflower ( Volutaria muricata (L.) Maire, Syn: Centaurea muricata L., Amberboa muricata (L.) DC, Volutarella muricata (L.) Benth & Hook f, Cyanopsis muricata (L.) Dostal. .. ): she is originally present in Algeria, Morocco, France and Spain, perhaps in Libya.
- Volutaria saharae (L. Chevall. ) Wagenitz: Algeria, Libya and Egypt.
- Volutaria sinaica ( DC.) Wagenitz: North Africa and the Sinai Peninsula.
- Volutaria socotrensis Wagenitz: On Socotra.
- Volutaria tubuliflora ( Murb. ) Sennen: North Africa, Spain and the Canary Islands. In a few areas an invasive plant.
Swell
- David J. Keil: Volutaria in the Flora of North America, Volume 19, page 174: Online. ( Description section )