Web 2.0

Web 2.0 is a buzzword that is used for a number of interactive and collaborative elements of the Internet, especially the World Wide Web. Here the user not only consumed the contents, he provides himself as a prosumer content available. The term postulated on the basis of the version numbers of software products, a new generation of the Web and distinguishes this from earlier types of use. However, the use of the term decreases in favor of the concept of social media.

Origin

The term Web 2.0 was in December 2003 in the U.S. edition of " Fast Forward 2010 - The Fate of IT " - Eric Knorr, editor in chief of the IDG magazine InfoWorld first of CIO magazine in the article " The Year of Web Services 2004 " mentioned to a broad public.

"An increase enlarge of outsourcing with web services is nothing less than the start of what Scott Dietzen, CTO of BEA Systems, calls the Web 2.0, where the Web Becomes a universal, standards -based integration platform. Web 1.0 (HTTP, TCP / IP and HTML) is the core of enterprise infrastructure. "

" Increased outsourcing using network services is not less than the beginning of what Scott Dietzen, CTO of BEA Systems, Web 2.0 calls, so that the network is a universal, standards-based platform. 1.0 the web (HTTP, TCP / IP and HTML) is the core business infrastructure. "

Eric Knorr cited in his article, Scott Dietzen, which at that time was CTO at BEA Systems (a subsidiary of Oracle). Dietzen is now "President and CTO " at Zimbra, a Web 2.0 company, which was purchased in September 2007 by Yahoo for $ 350 million dollars and is owned by VMware since January 2010. 2004, the term also by Dale Dougherty and Craig Cline was used and received according to the article "What is Web 2.0" by Tim O'Reilly of 30 September 2005 considerable media attention, even outside the English -speaking world. The term is controversial and, for example, viewed critically by Tim Berners -Lee, the founder of the World Wide Web. Tim O'Reilly has defined the term Web 2.0 in 2006, similar to Eric Knorr or Scott Dietzen. O'Reilly describes Web 2.0 as a change in the business world and as a new movement in the computer industry towards the Internet as a platform.

"Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer industry Caused by the move to the Internet as a platform, and to attempt to understand the rules for success on did new platform. "

" Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer industry caused by the shift to the Internet as platform, and an attempt to understand the rules for success on that new platform. "

Importance

The term Web 2.0 refers addition to specific technologies or innovations such as cloud computing primarily to changes in the use and perception of the Internet. Users create, edit and distribute content in quantitative and qualitative crucially itself, supported by interactive applications. To define the new role of the user, meanwhile, the term prosumer (English prosumer ) has prevailed. The content is not only centralizes created by major media companies and disseminated on the Internet, but also by a variety of users, the network with the help of social software in addition to each other. In marketing, an attempt is made by the push principle ( Launched: active distribution ) to pull principle ( Drag: active collection ) to reach and motivate users to design websites by itself with.

Background

The term limits the interactive use of types of a - later called - Web 1.0 from where there are few "Agent " ( persons and organizations that created the content for the web or information ready prepared ), but numerous " user " ( consumers who the content provided passively used 've given ).

Also it is argued that the Web had existed at the beginning mainly from static HTML pages, many of which were asked for a long time unchanged into the network and only occasionally revised or replaced at longer intervals. In order to efficiently edit pages by several people and manage, are content management systems and has been developed from databases powered systems (not to be confused with Dynamic HTML) contents of pages dynamically at run time replace or help deploy new content.

The following developments have contributed to the view of the proponents of the concept of the change of use of the Internet from about 2005:

• The separation of locally distributed and centralized data management wanes: Even users without above average technical knowledge or experience to use application data storage on the Internet (eg for photos). Local applications access to network applications; Search engines access to local data.
• The separation of local and network-based applications is dwindling: Program update itself automatically over the Internet, load modules as needed by more and more applications use a web browser as a user interface.
• It is no longer the rule to use separate each service, but the web content of various services are connected via open application programming interfaces seamlessly to new services (see mashups ).
• Through innovations in programming of browser-based applications, a user can much more easily than before, even without programming skills to actively participate in the dissemination of information and opinions (see User - generated content ). Thus, content management systems for weblogs, for example, now equipped with reliable rights management, allowing operators of applications allow only part of the content understandable and can be varied within a narrow frame by users.

Dissemination of the concept

As Dale Dougherty (O'Reilly) and Craig Cline (Media Live) jointly planned a conference stressed Dougherty, the Web is in a renaissance, in which changing the rules and business models. He hired a number of comparisons: " DoubleClick was Web 1.0; Google AdSense is Web 2.0. Ofoto was Web 1.0; Flickr is Web 2.0. ". Dougherty moved to a John Battelle to develop a business perspective. Then organized O'Reilly Media, Battelle and Media Live, the first Web 2.0 conference in October 2004. The conference will be held in October every year since then.

CMP Technology (now owner of Media Live) created the term Web 2.0 account in connection with conferences in the U.S. as so-called service mark ( service mark ). In this context, the term attracted attention in early 2006, as a non-profit organization used the term for their own conference and was warned by counsel of CMP. In particular, weblogs, this measure has been criticized partly sharp.

O'Reilly and Battelle summarized key principles together for the characterization of applications that can be assigned to the term Web 2.0:

• The Web as a platform (instead of the local machine )
• Data-driven applications ( contents are more important than appearance )
• The crosslinking is enhanced by an "architecture of Mitwirkens " ( anyone can join )
• Innovations in the construction of systems and sites by the use of components which have been created by different developers and any can be combined together (similar to the open source development model )
• Simple business models through the distributed, shared use of content and technology services
• The end of the classic software life cycle; the projects are perpetually in beta
• The software goes beyond the capabilities of a particular installation,
• It is aimed not only at the vanguard of web applications, but on the broad masses of applications

Tim O'Reilly has shown the difference even using some applications, some of which, however, are not part of the Web. ( See reference to the list )

Characteristics

The Web 2.0 can be characterized as follows:

Technology

From a technical perspective called Web 2.0 also includes a number of already developed in the second half of the 1990s, methods, many of which were only with the advent of a large number of broadband Internet access worldwide and commonly available. Typical techniques and services are:

• Subscription services with RSS / Atom or the like, in which information is exchanged between sites
• To use techniques which enable Web applications such as a conventional desktop applications (for example, AJAX)
• Web

Subscription Services

Some operators of Web sites, including newspapers, provide website content in a form available that can subscribe the user. New content will be automatically downloaded and displayed to the user by a suitable program. Popular applications for this include displaying the latest headlines of the preferred newspaper on the desktop or information about new incoming e- mail in a webmail mailbox. Such subscription services usually hot feed, the underlying formats are usually RSS or Atom.

Web

As a web service is a callable via the Web data or data analysis referred offering that provides standardized query programs or data exchange paths. A web service is not designed to be used directly by humans. In connection with the so-called Web 2.0 is meant by Web summaries of multiple service providers to a new, more powerful or more comprehensive service for internet users.

Example applications:

• Different search engines allow Internet users to submit their own site from a search request to the search service. Of course, programs can make use of such web services by Internet search engines.
• Sites that help you (eg LibraryThing ) can manage his or her library, use Web services from Internet booksellers, to search for books, authors, etc. The Web service provider supplies data sets with information on the books found, some with a map of the title picture.

Semantic Web

Applications

From a practical point of view some Internet applications are directly attributable to the term Web 2.0:

Term transmission

The term Web 2.0 gained such a high popularity that the conceptual scheme is now being applied in many areas such as Health 2.0, Library 2.0, TV 2.0, Politics 2.0, relationship 2.0, Learning 2.0, Enterprise 2.0 or even 2.0 economy. Together you, the intent is to make the investment opportunities or the interactivity of the user or consumer in certain areas significantly.

Furthermore, 2.0 also commonly used for a new or improved version, sometimes in the sense of repetition at another level, such as in Stasi 2.0.

In the cultural context, the term schema is used, sometimes even before the proliferation of the term Web 2.0. For example, is the title of the second album, published in 1998 by Garbage Version 2.0 Further examples are the American television series Jake 2.0, and the German title of an episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation murder investigation 2.0.

Economic Importance

Criticism

Tim Berners -Lee, the founder of the WWW, said in 2006 about the term Web 2.0 in an IBM Developer Works podcast that he considered Web 2.0 is an ( original quote " slang term, nobody knows what it really means. " " I think Web 2.0 is of course a piece of jargon, nobody even knows what it means" ). He believes that the supposedly " new network understanding " of Web 2.0 in truth is nothing other than the original network understanding, which already lay behind the Web 1.0 ( the "Web 1.0 what is all about connecting people ").

Berners -Lee designed the Web from the beginning to the same extent as for publishing to consume the content. In fact, the first web browser developed by him editor and browser was already at the same time.

In addition, led by critics that the term Web 2.0 generalizes only normal, consistent advancements in the WWW. Thus, according to many critics, the term Web 2.0 Marketing a bubble, which avoids to describe innovations accurately by many new developments are added to the Web 2.0 without precise distinction, even if they are based on other technologies or objectives. For example, we group under the term Web 2.0 as different things together such as network-based applications that replace local applications (client-server ) applications, and social networking applications. Furthermore, considering the term Web 2.0 simplistic close, the Internet has become interactive - although there had been brisk Usenet communities since the early days of the Internet; just as later on the WWW also many forums communities. Therefore, Web 2.0 bein think nothing new. The techniques used were long before they were used this term, been present.