WiMAX

WiMAX ( Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access ) is a wireless access technology to broadband Internet. WiMAX is often used as a synonym for radio systems based on the IEEE 802.16 standard, like Wi-Fi, which is based on the IEEE 802.11 standard. In fact, however, the name actually refers to the WiMAX Forum, or 802.16 systems, which satisfy the so-called WiMAX profile of this consortium. A great interest in the development of WiMAX has long had the chip maker Intel.

WiMAX is high-speed transmission in the frequency range from 2 GHz to 66 GHz. WiMAX was initially for stationary connections (eg TV tower - house antenna ) as broadband radio transmission system IEEE802.16d 802.16-2004 later developed. Meanwhile, the standard has also developed into a mobile IEEE802.16e or 802.16e -2005 for mobile applications. After an appropriate decision by the ITU (International Telecommunications Union) WiMAX 802.16m may officially be called 4G technology according to the current standard.

The WiMAX Forum is working on the further development of the standard. Thus was developed with IEEE802.16m ( backward compatible with 802.16e ) is a standard that specifies a high-speed transfer rate up to 1 Gbit / s. In addition, the WiMAX Forum regulates the specification of test requirements that are necessary for the certification of terminals and network components to meet the standard.

Currently, WiMAX is already available in many countries such as USA, Japan, Korea ( WiBro ), Taiwan, Russia, Mexico and various countries in Africa, total in over 150 countries around the world.

• 4.1 Development in Germany
• 4.2 Europe 4.2.1 Austria, Croatia, Slovakia
• 4.2.2 Lithuania
• 4.2.3 Bulgaria
• 4.2.4 Russia

• 4.3.1 South Africa
• 4.3.2 Sierra Leone and Mozambique

Technical Basics

The IEEE 802.16 is a family of 802 standards, as well as 802.3 Ethernet or 802.11 wireless LAN. WiMAX specified according to the OSI model, the two lowest layers of the PHY Layer ( Physical Layer) and the MAC layer (Data Link Layer).

Much emphasis was placed on large transmission rates with very low latency ( response time ). Also, an operating mode with guaranteed data rates has been integrated. These quality-of- service option (QoS ) is important for example for voice and video applications, so that they will not be interrupted due to lack of data rate. Unlike other wireless technologies by preferential treatment of the voice data packets better voice quality is possible. A WiMAX base station is allowed up to 30 Watts EIRP send a mobile or stationary remote site according with 4 watts EIRP.

The various WiMAX/IEEE-802.16-Standards

The most important are:

• Also called IEEE 802.16-2004 fixed WiMAX, static connection without handover provides visual and non- visual connections, frequency range: 2GHz - 66GHz
• IEEE 802.16e -2005 also known as Mobile WiMAX allows a handover of the radio cell during operation, frequency range: 2GHz - 6GHz
• IEEE 802.16m high-speed transmission up to 1 Gbit / s and definition of Advanced Air Interface for gigabit transmission

There are several harmful modes of transmission:

WiMAX mobile

For broadband access to the Internet developed, in which a change of radio cell for the user is possible. Uses OFDMA and MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output. MIMO technology improves data throughput and contributes to improve the signal stability in environments with reflections or without a view of the antennas at. Also the latest WLAN standard IEEE 802.11n uses this technology as is used in other mobile technologies.

Wimax fixed

Previous version of mobile WiMAX based on OFDM. A change of the radio cell while retaining the IP address was not specified. Where necessary, today the fixed networks are upgraded to the mobile version.

Another method for frequencies above 10 GHz

Above the frequency of 10 GHz provide for the transmission of signals parabolic antennas as high-gain antennas and high directivity on. The large available bandwidth of 25 GHz in the United States of America and 28 GHz in Europe, thereby enabling very high data transfer rates. However, the prerequisite for this is a line of sight between the two antennas, the so-called Line of Sight ( LoS ). The method described is suitable for the connection over long distances, eg as a backbone or for connecting base stations via microwave.

Practice

WiMAX is now both a stationary (fixed WiMAX) as a wireless technology for mobile Internet with high data rates in mobile networks its application. The supply radius of a base station in urban areas is usually 2-5 miles. As with all cellular systems, the users involved must share the available data rate. For mobile WiMAX 802.16e -2005 has a data rate of ~ 40 Mbit / s is specified here at the time.

The WiMAX Forum is more than 430 technology companies and institutions have joined forces to ensure standardization of WiMAX by its compatibility with the products of the different manufacturers. So far, more than 196 different receiving devices such as mobile phones, laptops, USB sticks, tablets and WiMAX modems have been certified home.

Deployment of WiMAX ( geographically )

Development in Germany

After testing different vendors there since the end of 2005, the first commercial WiMAX broadband services offered by the German GmbH (DBD ). The company continued to WLL licenses in the 3.5 GHz band in order to use about technology after 2005 certified fixed WiMAX standard. The commercial WiMAX operation in Germany was launched in May 2005, the DBD in Heidelberg with a WiMAX network for business customers. In Berlin DBD began on 8 November 2005, Germany 's first commercial urban WiMAX network for residential and business customers in the Pankow district. The standard products for private customers have an asymmetric bandwidth that. Having download speeds of 1.0 Mbit / s and 2.0 Mbit / s are available Pure WiMAX networks to the end user are determined by the DBD since the second half of 2006 in Wuppertal, Dresden and Leipzig, in Lower Saxony Barsinghausen / Jump and since early March 2007 in Magdeburg and Dessau as well as offered in Halle since July 2007. The end of 2012 the supply was terminated by the DBD in the various regions of Berlin and Dresden / off.

In addition to DBD operate eg vendors such as " The Net" WiMAX networks in Germany.

The actual WiMAX licenses, the so-called Broadband Wireless Access licenses (BWA licenses) for frequencies in the range 3400-3600 MHz, the Federal Network Agency has awarded in an auction in December 2006. Five of the six prospective customers have purchased the licenses for approximately 56 million euros.

Successful bidders for nationwide licenses were the US-based Clearwire, the German broadband services GmbH (DBD ), which makes under the name MAXXonair in urban areas and among DSLonair in rural areas offers and Inquam, a joint venture of the WiMAX developer NextWave Wireless with financial investors and Omnia Holdings Limited. Regional licenses for Bayern auctioned the Italian MGM Productions Group SRL and Televersa online.

Europe

In Europe, more WiMAX networks in Ireland ( operated by Imagine Communication Group ), Spain ( operated by Iberbanda ) or Portugal ( operated by the company ZAPP.PT ) already available.

Austria, Croatia, Slovakia

The Austrian WiMAX Telecom consortium wanted to southern and eastern Europe are expanding and building the first networks in Croatia and in Slovakia. The company claimed to provide together 6000 customers in Austria, Croatia and Slovakia. In 2009, WiMAX Telecom went bankrupt. Another operator in Croatia is Optima Telekom. There are different packages of Optima Telekom offered, currently only in Čakovec.

The Croatian Network Agency has awarded a WiMAX license in 11 counties so far, and indeed in every four licenses.

The company Odašiljači i veze ( OiV ), which also manages the transmission facilities of the national television and radio stations, was the winner. Until Christmas 2006 plans to offer WiMAX OiV in Rijeka and Split. First, telephony and broadband internet are offered, and later television.

H1 Telekom has already built the network in Split and Rijeka and is waiting for a license from the agency network.

Lithuania

In Lithuania, WiMAX is offered especially for areas since the summer of 2004, where there are no phone lines. Prices range from 30 € for a 64-kbit/s-Flatrate with a fixed IP address.

Bulgaria

In Bulgaria, four WiMAX licenses were auctioned in the summer of 2005. Commercial operation started in February 2007 with the first network of Mobile in 10 major cities with tariffs for business customers at prices equivalent to about 30 euros a month for a flat rate with symmetrical bandwidth and a data rate of 1 Mbit / s 2010 sold Mobile his license but at Max Telecom, the second operator Trans Telecom announced the end of 2010 bankruptcy and lost his license in April 2011. The third operator Nexcom offers its services continue to business customers, only Max Telecom continues to expand its network and offers tariffs monthly and distributed to private clients with two tariffs for the equivalent of 10 euros and bandwidths of 8 and 16 Mbit / s The market is one of about 20 000 customers.

Russia

In Moscow and St. Petersburg, the mobile WiMAX IEEE 802.16e -2005 WiBro the provider Yota 's since November 2008, in Ufa, Krasnodar, Vyborg and since mid-2009 Sochi widely available. The service costs from March 2011 1400 rubles or about 35 euros per month. The effective data rate of 5 Mbit / s

Africa

South Africa

Under the name iBurst WiMAX technology in South Africa is widely used for several years and is gaining in popularity. iBurst is common in most cities in South Africa and currently the cheapest option for connecting to the Internet. Different volumes of data packets from about 15 euros per month are available. The download stream is up to 1024 Kbps.

Sierra Leone and Mozambique

Due to the poor penetration of fixed lines in Sierra Leone and Mozambique, the Group Multinet builds on a WiMAX network in 2008. This breakthrough of the Internet in the two countries is expected.

USA

In the U.S., the largest WiMAX network is based on the IEEE802.16e online and is operated by Clearwire. The network already reaches more than 119 million people in more than 70 cities.

Asia

In Japan, a WiMAX network of UQ Communication is operated. Here are expected by March 2011, more than 800,000 users. In Korea, a network is operated with nationwide coverage by KT Telecom. Both companies have signed a roaming agreement in early 2011. So that the user can use both networks. Other networks are in Malaysia, Taiwan and also to find India.

WiMAX in Taiwan takes a special role: According to analysts and industry experts are expected to turnover equivalent to 100 million U.S. dollars. With mobile technology LTE sales of almost one billion U.S. dollars is expected for the Taiwanese market.

Future of WiMAX

In mobile communications, the Long Term Evolution standard of the mobile lobby are awarded greater opportunities. However, all in all, WiMAX a mature technology that is especially used by the simple and economical installation of networks, especially in the emerging markets.

First mobile phones that support mobile WiMAX, are already available from HTC or Samsung. Other phones have been announced. Also have been announced for 2011 by various manufacturers such as RIM, Motorola or HTC Tablets. USB modems and CPEs are available.