Wullenweber

When Wullenwever antenna is an antenna array, ie an array of antennas, which is used mainly in order to target radio signals and locate by triangulation.

History

In the 1950s, after the 2nd world war at least 30 Pitcher antenna arrays were (this is the Russian name of this type of antenna ) throughout the Soviet Union built including Allied countries. That was before the U.S. military became interested in the technique and developed his own Wullenwever antennas. The Soviets built some pitcher antennas in pairs with a distance of less than 10 kilometers each other, which apparently was used for navigation purposes. At least 4 pitcher were built near Moscow. Right in the city north, east and south. ( Pitcher plant south of Moskau55.4640837.3698 ) They served the prosecution of the early Sputnik satellite with its 10 - and 20 - MHz radio signals and were used to determine the Wiedereintrittsort.

Technology

By a different phase angle and amplitude of the signal for each individual antenna of the antenna directivity is a steerable achieved similarly as in the case of a phased array antenna. In this case, both the azimuth and the elevation of a signal can be determined. Similarly, signal mixtures can be separated. For this purpose one can use for example the Music algorithm.

Areas of application

• Military radio intelligence and civilian radio monitoring
• Navigation

Locations

Germany

Plants of this type are for example the monitoring system Gablingen (48 ° 27 ' 4.2 "N, 10 ° 51' 45.5 " O48.45117910.862646 ), the radio observatory II of the Federal Police (50 ° 41 ' 54 "N, 6 ° 53' 7.7 " O50.6983336.885476 ) at Swisttal- Heimerzheim at the output of the district " Straßfeld "and the Fernpeilanlage " castanet " (54 ° 51 ' 25.7 " N, 9 ° 4' 1.7 " O54.8571529.067143 ) in Bramstedtlund.

The Agency maintains an antenna ( 47 ° 41 ' 16.7 "N, 9 ° 11' 59.5 " O47.6879729.199848 ) at Konstanz.

Italy

In southern Italy, was located on the former military airfield San Vito dei Norman also such an antenna (40 ° 38 ' 51.1 " N, 17 ° 50' 24.7 " O40.64752317.840206 )

China

Another DF Antenna (23 ° 19 ' 32.1 "N, 113 ° 5' 5.9 " O23.32559113.084968 ) is in Huadu, Guangzhou in China.

Diego Garcia

On the British-American military base of Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean there is a Wullenwever antenna ( 7 ° 16 ' 45.4 "S, 72 ° 22' 9" E - 7.27928372.369159 ) with about 300 meters in diameter.

Japan

In Japan, such an antenna (42 ° 51 ' 2.3 " N, 141 ° 43' 51.8 " O42.850642141.731057 ) is on the ground Self-Defense Forces 's base Higashi- Chitose Chitose and in another (35 ° 30 ' 40, 3 " N, 133 ° 13 ' 22.3 " O35.511184133.222849 ) the communication office Miho (美 保 通信 所) near the air self-defense forces - base Miho in Sakaiminato.

By 2007, was located in the village of Yomitan the communication office Sobe (楚 辺 通信 所, Eng. Sobe Communication Site ) of the U.S. Navy with another Wullenwever Antenna ( 26 ° 24 '2 " N, 127 ° 43' 48.2 " O26.400567127.730049 ).

Canada

About 1.5 kilometers east of Gander airport, such an antenna (48 ° 57 ' 4.3 " N, 54 ° 31' 30.3 " W48.951201 - 54.525087 ) is installed.