Yeshiva

Yeshiva (Hebrew: ישיבה, pl yeshivot or Jeschiwos ( Ashkenazi pronunciation ); alternative spellings Yeshiva or Yeshivah. ) Is a Talmud school at which devote themselves mostly male students Torah study, and in particular the Talmud study.

There are two degree levels: Yeshiva Gedola ( lit. large yeshiva ) and Yeshiva Ketana ( lit. small yeshiva ). In the U.S., the higher degree is also called by the Aramaic term Metivta or Mesivta. A yeshiva for married male students called Kollel ( " Meeting").

Traditionally, women were not admitted to Torah study, there are some years for them, however, the possibility of attaining to modern Orthodox Jewish institutions a yeshiva 's degree.

  • 3.1 USA
  • 3.2 Israel
  • 3.3 England
  • 3.4 Canada
  • 4.1 Switzerland
  • 4.2 Germany
  • 4.3 Austria
  • 6.1 Talmud studies
  • 6.2 Jewish laws
  • 6.3 Jewish ethics

History

Before 1800

According to Jewish tradition, the rabbi every community had the right to own student body in a Beit Midrash ( " House of Study " ) mentioned building, which was usually near the synagogue to teach. My livelihood was financed by the tax revenue of the municipality. After several years, the students could either compete by dropping the Semicha even a rabbi or dedicated to a secular job.

The Mishnah mentions the law that a site may be called only " city " if he ( Batlanim ), allowing at least ten men of the minimum number of common prayer, the study of Torah ( Mishnah tractate Megillah ). Also each rabbinical was ( Beth Din) of a student body that corresponded to three times the number of judges itself, accompanied ( Mishnah, Tractate Sanhedrin ). This shows the historical significance of the classical yeshiva.

As prescribed in the Talmud, the men ( Elul and Adar ) devoted usually one month before harvest enhanced the study of Torah.

In German-speaking countries enjoyed in the 11th to 13th century, the three cooperating yeshivas of Mainz, Worms and Speyer, the SCHUM cities, special reputation. In 1990, the Yeshiva Gedola in Berlin of the Chabad Shluchim ( ' emissaries '), Rabbi Yehuda and Leah Teichtal, Chairman and Executive Director of Chabad, founded. It was the first new Orthodox yeshiva on German soil after the second world war.

Chaim of Waloschyn

Organized Torastudien were mainly of Rabbi Chaim Waloschyn, a student of the Gaon of Vilna, developed. In his view, was sufficient, the previous form of study not meet the needs for a more intensive study.

R. Chaim gathered interested students and opened at the end of the 18th century, the Yeshiva of Waloschyn. Although this facility was 60 years later closed by the Russian Government, opened some more in other cities, the most famous among them are Ponovezh, Mir, Brest and Telz. Many of today's schools in the U.S. and Israel see themselves as their successors and bear the respective names.

Forms of yeshivot

There are four forms of yeshivot:

A distinction between the American and Israeli yeshiva.

The American Jeschiwastudent graduated from Yeshiva Ketana usually locally, then the. Yeshiva High School site, or more often with other students in a kind of boarding This is often followed by two to four years in a Beit Midrash, then two to five years in Israel, after which he returned and graduated from an American yeshiva, often followed after the wedding from the Kollel.

Known yeshivot

The currently largest yeshivas are:

USA

  • Beth Medrash Govoha, also called " Lakewood Yeshiva " ( Lakewood, New Jersey)
  • Yeshiva Ner Yisrael: Ner Israel Rabbinical College (Baltimore, Maryland)
  • Telshe Yeshiva (also Telz in Cleveland, Ohio, Chicago, Illinois; Riverdale, New York)
  • Rabbi Isaac Elchanan The Theological Seminary of Yeshiva University (New York City )
  • Mesivta Tifereth Jerusalem (Manhattan and Staten Iceland, New York City )
  • Yeshiva Torah Vodaas ( Brooklyn, New York City )
  • Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin ( Brooklyn )
  • Yeshiva Chofetz Chaim: Rabbinical Seminary of America, ( Queens, New York City )
  • Hebrew Theological College, Yeshivat Beit HaMidrash L' Torah ( Chicago)
  • Tomchei Temimim Lubavitch ( Brooklyn )

There are numerous others, including various Hasidic yeshivot.

Israel

  • Mir yeshiva (Jerusalem ); Charedi
  • Beit -El Yeshiva (Bet El); Zionist
  • Brisk Yeshiva (Jerusalem ); Charedi
  • Chevron Yeshiva (Jerusalem, previously in Hebron ); Charedi
  • Jeschiwat Birkat Moshe ( Maale Adumim ); Zionist, Hesder, Hebrew
  • Ateret Kohanim Jeschiwat; Zionist, Hesder, Hebrew
  • Har Etzion Jeschiwat ( Gush Etzion ); Zionist, Hesder, English and Hebrew
  • Jeschiwat Hakotel; Zionist, Hebrew with shiur in English
  • Jeschiwat Kerem beJawne; religious- Zionist, Hebrew and English *
  • Kol Torah
  • Ponevezh Yeshiva (Bnei Brak ); Charedi
  • Machon Meir (Jerusalem ); Zionist, multilingual
  • Merkas HaRaw Kook (Jerusalem ); Zionist, Hebrew
  • PARDES - Institute for Jewish Studies; English and Hebrew; egalitarian, modern - orthodox, regardless
  • Tomchei Tmimim Lubavitch ( Kefar Chabad ); Lubavitch
  • Toras Emes (Jerusalem, previously in Hebron ); Lubavitch

The most famous yeshivot with English lessons are:

  • Mayanot
  • Ear Somayach
  • Aish HaTorah

There are many yeshivas Hesder - linking studies with military service; various Hasidic; and dozens of others.

England

Canada

Yeshivot in German-speaking

Switzerland

Germany

  • Yeshivas Beis Zion in Berlin
  • Yeshiva Gedola in Berlin

Austria

  • Viennese Yeshiva, Vienna

Academic year

The year is divided into three Smanim (about: " semester " or trimester).

Elul - Sman begins in the Hebrew month of Elul and goes up to Yom Kippur ( six weeks ).

Winter Sman starts after Sukkot ( Tabernacles) and goes to the Passover (six months).

The summer semester starts after Passover and lasts until the beginning of the Jewish month of Av (three months).

Typical timetable

  • 7:00 - At the request Seder ( study)
  • 7:30 - Shacharit ( morning prayer)
  • 8:30 - Jewish Law
  • 9:00 - Breakfast
  • 9:30 - Morning Talmud studies (first Seder )
  • 12:30 - Shi'ur ( " lecture" )
  • 13:30 - Lunch
  • 14:45 - Mincha ( afternoon prayer)
  • 15:00 - mussar (Jewish ethics)
  • 15:30 - Talmud studies (second Seder )
  • 19:00 - Dinner
  • 20:00 - Night Seder - repetition of the lectures, study as desired
  • 21:25 - mussar (Jewish ethics)
  • 21:45 - Ma'ariw ( evening prayer)
  • 22:00 - On request Seder

This study is usually considered from Sunday to Thursday, with an extra long Seder to 1:00 clock at night. Friday is normally at least a Seder in the morning, the afternoon is free. Saturday is considered a special Sabbath timetable.

The course is usually in conjunction with a study partner ( Chawruta, Aramaic for " friend " ), or in a Sch'iur.

Talmud studies

In the typical yeshiva, the main emphasis is on the study and analysis of the Talmud. The study of the Talmud is taken for the be'ijun, with emphasis on a possible detailed and in-depth understanding of the passage in the Talmud, on the other hand bekijut, with emphasis on quantitative progress in the study, so that the student acquires a comprehensive as possible Talmud knowledge.

Jewish laws

In general, the student spends some time with the study of Halacha, Jewish law. The most studied one is the Mishna Berura text written by Rabbi Meir Kagan Jisra'el.

Jewish Ethics

Important texts

  • Pirke Avot
  • Mesillat Jescharim Rabbi Moshe Chaim Luzzatto of
  • Orchot tzaddikim ( "Path of the Just " )
  • Duties of the Heart by Bahya ibn Pakuda
  • Maalot HaMiddot ( "Benefits of good character " )
  • Mischnat R ' Aharon
  • Michtaw meElijahu, Rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler of.

Hasidism: Tanja and Likkutej Torah, Rabbi Schneur Zalman of both of Ljadi.

Semikhah Minyan Volozhin yeshiva Mechina Mercaz HaRav Kook Shabbat Halakha Adin Steinsaltz Encyclopaedia Judaica
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