Cividale del Friuli
Cividale del Friuli ( Friulian Cividât, Slovenian Čedad, German Östrich ) is a traditional town in the north-eastern Italian Friuli ( Friuli- Venezia Giulia ) with 11,376 inhabitants (as of 31 December 2012).
Name
In Roman times, was the name of the city Forum Julii. As the Lombard kingdom were finally defeated in 776 by the Franks, the city was named Civitas Austriae what city of the East means there she was in the eastern part of the Frankish Empire. This is the Italian name Cividale and the German name Östrich developed.
General
Cividale del Friuli is 17 km east of Udine near the Slovenian border both sides of the river Natisone. To achieve Cividale is on the state road SS 54 from Udine to Kobarid (Slovenia ) or over the railway line Udine- Cividale.
History
The city is a originally a Celtic settlement, which was levied by Julius Caesar to the city ( Latin: Forum Julii, the marketplace Julius ). In the wake of the Great Migration held in the city of a population that was culturally and connected by their Ladin related Furlanische language with the Alps novels. Ecclesiastical was under the Patriarchate of Aquileia Cividale. Cividale was after the fall of Western Rome, first to Odoacer's kingdom, then to the Ostrogothic and Byzantine Empire, before it was conquered by the Lombards 568, temporarily erected its own Duchy there. During the migration period, the population was particularly hard hit, as the city was immediately west of the forest Birnbaumer, which formed as a mountain pass in the Julian Alps, the gateway for the incident each in Italy invaders.
Around the year 610 was Cividale, which at that time belonged to the Lombard Duchy of Friuli, sacked by the Avars. After Gisulf II, the Lombard duke of Friuli had already fallen in battle, was looking for his wife Romilda with her sons in the city protection. The Avars, however, managed to penetrate into the city. According to the reports of Paul the Deacon, it is even the gates of the city have opened because she was dazzled by the beauty of the barbarian ruler. The male city residents were reportedly killed, the women and children abducted. Only the children Gisulfs managed to escape. Under the Carolingians, it was part of the Mark Friuli, the Margraviate of Verona, then came under the territorial rule of the Patriarch of Aquileia, before it fell in 1421 to Venice. It was followed by the rule of the Habsburgs (short of a French interlude interrupted) and 1866 integration into the Kingdom of Italy.
Attractions
In the old town especially the Piazza del Duomo, is worth seeing. Here is the Praetorian Palace or Palazzo dei Provveditori Veneti, whose design is attributed to Andrea Palladio and built 1565-1586. Since 1990, here the National Archaeological Museum of Cividale is housed, in which parts of the UNESCO Memory of the World Heritage-listed Reichenau manuscripts are kept.
The Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta in the 14th century was rebuilt after a collapse in 1502 by the architect Pietro Lombardo again. The main altar is adorned by an altarpiece of the patriarch Pilgrim II ( 1195-1204 ). The Latin inscription was made with the help of individual Buchstabenpunzen - about 200 years before the invention of printing with movable type by Gutenberg.
Attached to the cathedral is the Museo Cristiano in which, inter alia, can visit a Lombard throne and the Callisto baptismal font. Almost more revealing are frescoes and executed in sgraffito technique representations of the Lombard life.
Nearby there is also the built in 1565 City Palace. Over the river Natisone leads the Devil's Bridge, the landmark of the city. On the riverfront, a vault is excavated in the rock, known as the Celtic Hypogeum, Roman dungeon or Lombard prison. The small church of Santa Maria in Valle from the 8th century stands near the river in the old Lombard district and was probably a Lombard palace chapel. It is therefore also called Longobard Temple. Above the city in the east, right on the Slovenian border, is the church of the Madonna del Monte.
The city is also known by the in the area, the Collio wine it produces.
Sons and daughters
- Paulinus II of Aquileia († 802), Patriarch of Aquileia, grammarian and theologian
- Lorenzo Crisetig (* 1993), Italian footballer
- Paul the Deacon or Paul Warnefried ( 725/730-797/799 ), Lombard historian
- Richard Sbrulius ( 1480 - after 1528), Italian humanist and poet
- Adelaide Ristori (1822-1906), Italian actress