Julierpass

Pass with lake, roadblock, kiosk and parking

The Julier Pass (Romansh idiom in turkey Pass dal Güglia, in the idiom Surmiran pass digl Gelgia, Italian Passo del Giulia ) is a mountain pass in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. With a summit altitude of 2'284 m above sea level. M. he connects the valleys Above and Engadin. At the summit, the European watershed between the basins of the Rhine and the Danube runs.

Description

While the history of the pass can be traced back to a use for the Roman period, the modern route goes back to the built in 1820-1826 street. Today's road leads first of Tiefencastel ( 851 m) along the river Julia Savognin and Marmorera to Bivio ( 1,769 m). Here, where the closed to motorized traffic path branches off to the Septimer, the actual pass road begins. After 8.6 kilometers the height is reached, where the road descends into the Engadine Silvaplana ( 1,815 m) leads.

The now -developed and open all year round connection is part of the main road 3 and overcomes a difference in altitude of 1433 m, the maximum slope is close to 12 %. The roadway is consistently wider than 5 m, and easy to ride.

Typical of the scenic route, especially on the much longer Northwest ramp (36 miles) from Tiefencastel to pass up, are relatively flat cuts that are repeatedly interrupted by short " stairs " with some steeper turns. The slope here is an average of 4 % and a maximum of 12%. Much shorter ( 7 km) with an average gradient of 6.7 % and a maximum of less than 12 % is the eastern ramp of Silvaplana from, but the height difference is also only 469 m.

Amazing is particularly the appearance of a small lake between bare walls just below the summit on the northern slope, on the below since 1954 also of about 1.4 km ² large Marmorera reservoir ( Lai Marmorera da) is. The water level of the lake fluctuates around 1,680 m. From Savognin one overcomes the distance of 100 meters of the dam in several sharp bends, along the lake, the route is almost flat.

The Julier Pass is the starting point of the Grisons Haute Route, a long-distance route, which runs on the north side of the Engadine to Flüelapass.

Route profile

History

The discovered during excavations at the pass fragments of columns belonged to a Roman sanctuary at the pass. Today, they are placed on the road and demonstrate the great importance of the Julier Pass at the time of the Roman Empire. At several points show proven ruts that the passport was then traversed with high-wheeled carts.

The main advantage of the Julier Pass lies in its favorable topography. The only major obstacle is the canyon of Crap Ses between Tiefencastel and Savognin, which was bypassed by the Romans with a counter slope on Mon and Salouf. The mentioned going back to prehistoric rock avalanches " steps " were indeed troublesome to overcome, but not dangerous. Also on the actual mountain pass between Bivio and Silvaplana missing terrain difficulties, also it is often safe from avalanches.

In the High and Late Middle Ages, the Julier traffic shares lost to the adjacent Septimerpass, which runs directly north-south direction and thus avoids the detour -reaching eastward the Julier Maloja Pass route. The additional emerging competition through the Gotthard and the Julier Splügenpass pointed to a subordinate role in the European transit; as a regional connection of Central Grisons to the Engadine, it remained important at all times. After the Crap in Ses running since the Middle Ages near the way Julia had taken over again by floods and landslides damage, a new route was blown up in 1777 by the rocks.

The canton of Grisons left in 1820 to build a new road that followed the proven Itinerary in broad and defused only the steep steps by investing sweeping. First major extensions were made in the 1930s.

In 1938 a dam site was built on the summit, which was to prevent the introduction of military units from the Engadine to Central frets. The dam site consisted of two caverns in the two slopes above the pass, where anti-tank guns and machine guns were housed. It was also a roadblock consisting of locally derived boulders erected. Another dam site was located on the northwest ramp north of the village Mulegns. The two blocking sites were abandoned in the 1990s in the wake of the concept army 95.

During the construction of Marmorera Reservoir around 1950, the road had to be moved to about 3 km in length. Since the 1990s, the Pass Road was made in many places, what sections equivalent to a new building. For example, the exposed portion in Crap Ses is bypassed since 1992 by a 706 m long tunnel. Since the summer of 2008, a new trackbed is applied to reduce the number of turns on a portion of the north side. In 2016 the bypass Silvaplana to be realized.

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