Severodvinsk
Severodvinsk (Russian Северодвинск; until 1938 Sudostroi / Судострой; 1938-57 Molotowsk / Молотовск ) is a Russian city with 192 353 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010 ) on the White Sea. She is primarily known for its shipyards.
- 2.1 origins
- 2.2 Today's City
- 6.1 Notes and references
- 6.2 External links
Geography
Geographical Location
Severodvinsk is the second largest city in Arkhangelsk Oblast. It lies on the estuary of the Northern Dvina River on the White Sea, about 35 km west of Arkhangelsk and 1000 kilometers north of Moscow.
Climate
Severodvinsk has a subarctic maritime climate. This is characterized by long cold winters and short cool summers. The annual average temperature is 1 ° C. In winter, the temperatures are usually between -18 and 1 ° C, but can also fall to -40 ° C. In summer, temperatures are usually 8 to 21 ° C. Average fall about 580 mm of precipitation per year. Most precipitation falls in August (68 mm), the least rainfall in February and March (28 mm).
Demographics
The following overview shows the evolution of populations of Severodvinsk.
(*) Census data
History
Origins
The first mention of a settlement on the territory of Severodvinsk goes back to the year 1419. This year, the local St. Nicholas - Korelski Monastery ( Николо - Корельский монастырь ) was burned down by Norwegian sailors.
In May 1553 sent the English Company of Merchant Adventurers three ships headed by Admiral Sir Hugh Willoughby and his navigator Richard Chancellor to find a northeast passage through the Arctic Ocean. In this way, a new trade route to China should be tapped. Due to a storm the ships were separated and Chancellor went down with his ship on August 24, 1553 Nikolsky mouth of the Northern Dvina not far from the monastery at anchor. Chancellor was received from Ivan the Terrible and trade relations between England and Russia were established in the following.
From 1553 to 1584 in the field with the St. Nikolas Harbour was the first Russian commercial port. This has long been one of the most important trading centers in Russia, but lost with the development of the Arkhangelsk port later in importance.
Today's city
The construction of the present town began in 1936 on a decree of Stalin. The aim of Stalin was to build a shipyard for the Northern Fleet, which should make this independent of the shipyards in the Baltic fleet. In June 1936, the first builders of the city reached the area near the St. Nicholas - Korelski convent, by means of the ship Ivan Kaljajew. The area in which the settlement was founded, was named Sudostroi. After completion of a railway line in November 1936, the construction of the shipyard began.
As in many other regions of northern Russia and Siberia, the construction of thousands of prisoners of the Gulag was also primarily accomplished with the help. For the construction of the city and the shipyard especially the approximately 30,000 inmates of the nearby gulags Jagrinski -ITL were used. It is believed that the construction of the city 1936-1953 about 25,000 prisoners died.
On August 11, 1938 Sudostroi was renamed in honor of Vyacheslav Molotov in Molotowsk and got the city status. On 21 December 1939, the shipyard was № 402 ( today's Sevmash ) put into operation.
During the Second World War was Molotowsk supply port for the Allied fleets, which Lend-Lease Act supplied according to the Red Army in this way. Much of the transports, whose goal was actually the port of Arkhangelsk, was discharged in reality in Molotowsk. In this way, reached more than half of the goods that were destined for the Archangelsk region, about Molotowsk in the Soviet Union.
On September 12, 1957, the renaming of the city in Severodvinsk was. The name derives from the location of the city on the Northern Dvina.
From 1954 to 1957, the Sevmash shipyard, the first Soviet nuclear submarine, the Leninsky Komsomol ( К -3) built. It was the first submarine of the November class. In the following years here many more U- boat types were built up to the Typhoon class, including the later decline in K- 219th To date, Severodvinsk, finished with 128 nuclear submarines, center of the Russian nuclear submarine construction.
In 2007 began the construction in Severodvinsk the world's first floating nuclear power plant, nuclear power plant Akademik Lomonosov. Originally, the completion by the shipyard Sevmash in 2010 should be. In 2008, however, decided that the construction of the nuclear power plant by the shipyard Baltijski Zavod in St. Petersburg continues.
Economy
Its economy relies mainly on the shipbuilding industry. The Sevmash ( Северное машиностроительное предприятие ) has approximately 25,000 employees and employers main Russia's largest shipyard. Its primary function is the construction and maintenance of ships, submarines and nuclear submarines, as well as the construction of marine drilling platforms.
There is also a second shipyard Zvezdochka ( Звёздочка to German " asterisk "). This also disused nuclear submarines are utilized in addition to the shipbuilding industry.
Other important industries are mechanical engineering, metal processing, wood processing and the food industry.
Twinning
- Moldova Tiraspol (Moldova )
- Russia Bryansk (Russia)
- Mazyr Belarus ( Belarus )
- Ukraine Sumy (Ukraine )
- United States Portsmouth (New Hampshire ) (United States )
Personalities
- Marina Nikolaevna Prussakowa ( b. 1941 ), widow of Lee Harvey Oswald, the alleged assassin of U.S. President John F. Kennedy
- Olga Alexandrovna Rukawischnikowa ( b. 1955 ), athlete
- Mikhail Nikolayevich Suprun ( b. 1955 ), historian