Acanthuroidei

Tomini - bristle tooth doctor fish ( Ctenochaetus tominiensis )

The Doctor Fishy ( Acanthuriformes, sensu Betancur -R., Et al. ( Acanthuroidei as subordination of Perciformes in older classifications ) ) are an order of the perch family ( Percomorpha ). They come close to the coast in tropical regions of the Indo-Pacific and the Atlantic. There are usually more or less hochrückige, laterally strongly flattened, often very colorful coral reef inhabitants. Only the hochseebewohnende Diana Fish ( Luvarus imperialis ) also occurs in temperate and cool seas.

Features

Depending on the doctor Fishy reach lengths between 16 cm and 1.8 m. Your mouth is hardly vorstülpbar ( protraktil ). The Posttemporale ( the bone through which the shoulder girdle directed to the skull ) is connected here to the occipital by a seam. The gill membranes are widely grown together at the Isthmus, at the head base. Frontalia and supraoccipital ( skull bone ) are sponge-like in most species

Wiley & Johnson passed for the Doctor Fishy following synapomorphies to:

Four or five Branchiostegalstrahlen, the second infra orbital bones has no or only loose contact with the lacrimal bone ( lacrimal ). The side line on the Supracleithrum ( a bone of the shoulder girdle ) is missing, the main trunk of the lateral line has a direct connection to the sidelines on the Posttemporale ( Behind temporal bone ). Maxilla and premaxilla ( premaxillary ) are firmly connected to a single functional unit. The articular, a bone of the mandible is much smaller than the dental (not Luvarus ). The supraoccipital has no contact with the underside of the exoccipitals. The crest of the supraoccipital is short (except for Zanclus ). The narrow fourth pharyngeal tooth plate is longitudinally so that the rows of teeth instead of perpendicular to the body axis are parallel (not for Luvarus ).

The first Neuralfortsatz is fused to the vertebrae, the Supraneuralia ( parts of the vertebrae) are missing ( not in Zanclus and Prionurus ). The first fin rays carrier ( Pterygiophor ) of the dorsal fin is in front of the second space between the Neuralfortsätzen. During ontogenesis first developed the second or third ( in Zanclus ) fin ray of the dorsal and ventral fins, it quickly becomes large and gets sawn edges.

Other features are characteristic only of the larvae:

• The pelvic girdle has a typical T- shape.
• A thin, slightly curved spike at the rear corner of the Angular ( a bone of the lower jaw ). He is the part of the Angular, the ossified first.
• A sawn downward longitudinal rib on the Angular. This is also in the larvae of the angelfish that.
• A low ridge sawn on the supraoccipital. This also applies to the larvae of some percoider perch to.
• Two sawn ribs on each front leg. This feature is gone secondarily in the larvae of Paracanthurus and zebrasoma lost again and similarly applies to the larvae of the angelfish and other families percoider perch.
• The trough-shaped nose has prongs on along a ( Siganidae ) or both edges. The situation is similar in the larvae of the angelfish and other families percoider perch.
• A laterally directed ridge on each side surface of the ethmoid bone (not Luvarus ).

System

Nelson is still six families in the doctor Fishy:

• Spade fish ( Ephippidae )
• Scats ( Scatophagidae )
• Rabbit fish ( Siganidae )
• Diana Fish ( Luvaridae )
• Moorish Idol ( Zanclidae )
• Surgeonfish ( Acanthuridae )

But spade fish and scats share only a part of synapomorphies with the other doctor Fishy. In Wiley & Johnson therefore include only the rabbit fish, the fish Diana, the Moorish Idol and the doctor fish to the Acanthuroidei. The affiliation of the rabbit fish than basal group is supported but not confirmed by the comparison of protein-coding genes from the nucleus by comparison of ribosomal genes from mitochondria. Betancur -R. and colleagues restrict the Doctor Fishy Accordingly, in its revision of the teleost systematics of the beginning of 2013 to these three families and give the group order to rank the monophyly of Perciformes ( Perciformes ) to reach.

The familial relationships of the three families cladogram shows the following:

Diana Fish ( Luvaridae )

Moorish Idol ( Zanclidae )

Surgeonfish ( Acanthuridae )

The spade fish are related to the sickle fish and form in Betancur -R. colleagues and the new order Ephippiformes while Argus fish and rabbit fish are provisionally classified as incertae sedis within the Percomorpha ( unsafe position ').