Al-Mu'azzam
Al -Malik al - Mu'azzam ' Isa Sharaf al -Din († November 12, 1227 ) was an Emir of Syria and Palestine from the dynasty of the Ayyubids. He was one of the sons of Sultan al - Adil I. Abu Bakr ( Saphadin ) and thus a nephew of the famous Saladin.
When the father's death in 1218 was al - Mu'azzam the second son rule over Syria, including the city of Jerusalem and Damascus with a capital, and should be attributed to his eldest brother, Sultan al - Kamil assumed. But this al - Mu'azzam be wanted as well as his third ruling in Mesopotamia brother, al - Ashraf, but not resign. But before it came to a fight between the brothers had to fend off the just incipient Fifth Crusade, which was directed against Egypt and thus threatened the most important center of power of the Ayyubid Ayyubid. Initially concentrated al - Mu'azzam his fight in the Syrian region against the Christian dominions, which represented the remnants of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He threw back the Knights of the Hungarian King Andrew II conquered Caesarea Maritima. But when in late summer 1221, the Crusaders set off from Damietta to Cairo attracted al - Mu'azzam and al - Ashraf with their armies also to Egypt for her brother to support. Together they managed the Crusaders at al - Mansura to lead into a trap and thus to seal their defeat. In September 1221, the Crusaders had to withdraw beaten out of Egypt.
After this threat was averted the Ayyubid brothers began their power struggles with each other, al - Ashraf and al - Mu'azzam ruled in their territories now de facto independent from al - Kamil. During this conflict the excommunicated by the Pope Roman- German Emperor Frederick II in Italy was preparing for a new crusade to recapture Jerusalem, which he became an important factor in the discussion under the Ayyubids. Al- Kamil had been in contact with the emperor as the first successful and provided him Jerusalem for an alliance against al - Mu'azzam and al - Ashraf in view. Throughout his life, however, al - Mu'azzam was able to beat his brother until he died in November 1227. His young son and successor, an-Nasir Dawud, but could not compete with al - Kamil and al - Ashraf itself.