Antiviral drug

An antiviral agent (or antiviral agent, from the Latin virus and Greek στάσις "standstill" ) is a substance that inhibits the replication of viruses. Antivirals are widely used as drugs in the treatment of infections caused by viruses infectious diseases.

Viruses do not have their own metabolism, which makes a causal treatment of viral infectious diseases. Often, no treatment is necessary because viral infections often heal spontaneously. Antivirals are used primarily for such infections in which the patient's immune system is not alone for eradication of the virus is able. An insert in width is currently to avoid taking into account the side effects Potentiales and the desire, resistance training is not provided. The substances used medicinally against viruses have only antiviral effect. This means that they only prevent the multiplication of the virus through different mechanisms of action. Virucides - ie " virus killing " medicines There is currently no.

An example of the successful use of antivirals is the modern HIV therapy that is able to provide by selective combinations of active substances and a structured side effect management of the patients under medical treatment for many years an almost normal life. The survival time is increased significantly compared to untherapierten patients or patients with " classical " anti-HIV therapy.

Classification of antiviral agents

Antivirals have different points of attack in the reproductive stages of a virus:

  • Preventing the docking of the virus particles to the cell membrane of the host organism
  • Prevention of the entry into the host cell, preventing the uncoating (release of capsid and genome of the virus envelope )
  • Fault / inhibit the synthesis of viral nucleic acids and proteins (eg, capsid proteins )
  • Inhibition of the assembly ( assembly of the synthesized viral components to new virus )
  • Suppression of the release of newly formed viruses from the host cell

Pleconaril ( picornaviruses )

  • Nucleoside nucleotidic

Idoxuridine ( HSV)

Acyclovir, brivudin, famciclovir, penciclovir, sorivudine, valacyclovir (HSV, VZV)

Cidofovir, ganciclovir, valganciclovir (CMV )

Sofosbuvir (HCV)

  • Other

Foscarnet (HSV, CMV)

Ribavirin, taribavirin ( HRSV, HCV and other ) Filibuvir, Nesbuvir, Tegobuvir (HCV ) Fosdevirin (HIV) Favipiravir ( influenza A)

  • Nucleoside ( NRTI) and nucleotidic ( NtRTI )

Abacavir, didanosine, Elvucitabin, Fosalvudintidoxil, Fozivudintidoxil, stavudine, zalcitabine, zidovudine (HIV)

Lamivudine, Lagociclovir, tenofovir (HIV, HBV), adefovir, Alamifovir, Clevudin, entecavir, Pradefovir, telbivudine (HBV )

  • Non-nucleoside (NNRTI )

Delavirdine, efavirenz, Emivirin, etravirine, Lersivirin, nevirapine, rilpivirine (HIV)

  • HIV protease inhibitors

Amprenavir, atazanavir, Brecanavir, darunavir, fosamprenavir, indinavir, lopinavir, Mozenavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, tipranavir

  • HCV protease inhibitors

Asunaprevir, Balapiravir, boceprevir, Ciluprevir, Danoprevir, daclatasvir, Narlaprevir, telaprevir, Simeprevir, Vaniprevir

  • HRV protease inhibitors

Rupintrivir

In addition to these substances, which intervene directly in certain stages of viral replication while having primary virus-specific structures to the target, there are substances that have the structures of the host to the target and mediate antiviral via the activation of specific and non-specific immunological defense mechanisms.

These include cytokines such as interferon alpha (IFN- α ) and beta- interferon (IFN- β ), also monoclonal antibodies and other immunomodulatory agents such as imiquimod and resiquimod.

Enfuvirtide Rimantadine Herpes simplex virus Aciclovir Brivudine Valaciclovir Reverse transcriptase Elvucitabine Clevudine Emivirine Rhinovirus Integrase-Inhibitor Fomivirsen Recombinase Primase Maturation inhibitor Bevirimat Oseltamivir Peramivir
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