Antoine Busnois
Antoine Busnoys (also Busnois; * 1432-1435 in Busne at Béthune, near Lille, † before November 6, 1492 in Bruges ) was a French composer, singer, poet and cleric.
Life
His name suggests an origin from Busnes ( at Lilliers ). He seems to come from the patricians, or even the nobility and was probably formed at an unknown location in a Maitrise.
In the manuscript Paris 9223 perhaps a reference to an activity Busnoys in Brittany has been preserved. Of the 15 referred to in this manuscript poets, including Busnoys heard, some 1458 in the court of the Duke of Brittany Arthur III. stopped. So far, however, this hypothesis could not be substantiated by documents finds.
At least since 1460 Busnoys is detectable as readers hours at the Cathedral of Saint- Martin de Tours. Its treasurer was Johannes Ockeghem, a famous composer, has the Busnoys in the motet praised in hydraulis ( 1465/67 ) as his teacher.
1461 Busnoys wrote on the occasion of the coronation of Louis XI. King of France, the ballad Resjois toy terre de France.
A sidelight on Busnoys character throws the news that he has organized in five Tours attacks on a priest and was involved in this themselves. For this he was excommunicated in 1461, but exculpated by Pope Pius II at the request Busnoys.
This crime has Busnoys career but not harmed. On April 7, 1465 ( Palm Sunday) Busnoys began rise in the hierarchy of priests. On this day he was raised on Saint- Venant to Tours in the lowest order of priests, appointed already on April 13, 1465 to the subdeacon. It has been proven that Buisnoys this year was Master puerorum at the cathedral in Tours: So he was the choir boys before and had to provide for their education and proper lifestyle.
Probably on September 14, 1465 decided the canonry of the cathedral Saint- Hilaire- le- Grand in Poitiers, to comply Busnoys application to the post of Master puerorum. Without further ado, the holder of the office, a certain Le Begun was dismissed and Busnoys employed. This speaks either for the excellent reputation Busnoys as a musician or for strong political pressure. Energetic Busnoys raised the level of the choir by urged to take enabled choirboys. But after July 19, 1466 Chapter Le Begun led back into his old office, which can only mean that Busnoys Poitiers had left.
The next Life Stadium Busnoys was Burgundy. As a Burgundian composer has looked at him long. But recent discoveries have documents this assessment perspective. Meanwhile believes the Busnoys research that approximately two-thirds of his chansons were composed before 1467 and thus in France. In some of these songs Busnoys plays such as to a certain Jacqueline d' Hacquelville to, which is likely to be the wife, Jean Bocharts or Boucharts, the Court of Paris Parlements. A wreath of 12 songs dedicated Estiene Petit; so were called officials at the French king's court.
Probably since February 1, 1467 was Busnoys in the service of the Count of Charolais. This was none other than Charles the Bold, son of the reigning Duke of Burgundy Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, and from 1467. Busnoys but not a member of the court orchestra, but was as a valet de chambre - chantre a private employee of the count. In this position he is detectable until September 1468.
In the summer of 1469 Busnoys was cantor. His appointment as Demi- Chappellain occurred between October 1 and November 1, 1470 ( a Chappellain part-time and half the salary of a Chappellain ): so Busnoys was finally an official member of the ducal chapel. What Busnoys has prevented despite more than two years to become a regular member of the chapel, is unknown. Perhaps his chaplaincy at the Château was connected to Mons with a six-month residence requirement.
As a member of the court orchestra Busnoys has accompanied his master on his travels and military campaigns. It is narrated that Busnoys was for costs that were him, arising from purchase their own equipment and armament, compensated.
In the period between June 1471 and July 1472 Busnoys has now been ordained a priest, clerc. Between 13 October and 24 November 1472 he was appointed to the rank of Chappellain. Maybe so is related that Karl has informed the chapter of Saint- Silvestre at the Château at Mons on June 4, 1473 about the fact that Busnoys had waived its thereat benefice.
1476 has significantly reduced its chapel of the Duke. Probably Busnoys the campaign in Lorraine ( Battle of Grandson on March 2, 1476 Battle of Murten on June 21, 1476 ) and the disaster of Nancy are therefore spared. He probably served during this time Margaret of York, who was wife of Charles since 1468.
Busnoys took part in the funeral of the Duke. Its chapel was in 1477 taken over by Marie of Burgundy, his daughter. After the marriage of Mary and of King Maximilian I. Busnoys came in contact with the under construction begriffener chapel, which formed the foundation of the famous Habsburg chapel, the later Heinrich Isaac, Alexander Agricola and Pierre de la Rue belonged.
Perhaps already in 1478, certainly from 1479 was Busnoys in the service of Maximilian. On the morning of March 6, 1482 Marie suffered a hunting accident, the consequences of which she died on March 27, 1482. When she was buried on 3 April 1482 also took Busnoys part in the ceremony.
After May 21, 1483 is no longer to be found in the relatively completely preserved bills of King Busnoys ' name. The reasons for this are not known.
Busnoys had benefice in Oost- Voorne and Tholen in the Netherlands, at the Church Saint- Gommaire in Lierre ( Lier ), in front ( or Verne, undoubtedly Furnes in the diocese Therouanne ), perhaps even in Condé.
Since about 1485 Busnoys was cantor at Saint- Sauveur in Bruges, where Jacob Obrecht was busy at that time. United to Saint- Sauveur cantor of the function of the cantor in the narrow sense, which usually led the chant, and the Succentors, who taught the choirboys the Discantsingen. He was a member of the Confraternitas chori at Saint- Sauveur. On November 6, 1492 Busnoys was recorded death.