Ariidae

Bagre marinus

Called The Cross catfish ( Ariidae ), also sea catfish or catfish mouthbrooders live with about 150 species in 15 genera individually or in swarms. Along the coasts of subtropical and tropical oceans It took its name from a cross-shaped bone plate in her skull. The most familiar type is probably the 35 - 45 cm tall expectant American West Cross catfish, a brackish water fish often referred to as so-called "mini- Hai " is available in the pet trade.

Dissemination

Cross catfish come inshore mainly found in the sea. in the western Atlantic the distribution area of Cape Cod extends almost to the Straits of Magellan, in the east of the Strait of Gibraltar to the Cape of Good Hope. They also inhabit the shores of the Indian Ocean, the Red Sea and the western Pacific from the coast of Queensland, through the Malay Archipelago to Taiwan. In the eastern Pacific its range extends only from the coast of Peru to the Baja California peninsula.

Many species are also found in brackish and freshwater, a few live only in fresh water. Three quarters of the species, mainly of the genus Arius living in the Indo-Pacific Ocean and on the coasts of Australia. A quarter of the species live in the western Atlantic.

Features

The animals are 15 centimeters to 1.50 meters long. They are slender, sometimes deep-bodied shape and scaleless. Top is mostly blue-gray or brownish, whitish below. Head and mouth are flattened and rounded. The head is protected by a bone plate, which can be seen in some species through the thin skin. Bone shields are also found at the beginning of the dorsal fin. The teeth in the jaws and on the palate are small and conical. Sometimes molars are present. They usually have 3 pairs, rarely 2 pairs of barbels, but they can also be completely absent. Nasalbarteln always missing.

Dorsal fin and pectoral fins have a serrated dorsal spine, which carries a venom gland. Injuries should be run even fatal. The anal fin has 14 to 40 soft rays. The caudal fin is deeply forked. An adipose fin is present, the side line completely.

Way of life

Cross catfish live singly or in flocks. They are mouth brooders. The male carries the few, large eggs around until they hatch the young fish in the mouth with it.

System

Anchariidae

Galeichthyinae ( Southern Africa and Peru)

Bagreinae

Occidentarius

Genidens

Potamarius

Ariopsis and Sciades

Cross catfishes of the Old World (all other genera )

The cross catfish can be divided into three subfamilies, two of which is monotypic, ie consisting of only one genre. In the third, the species-rich subfamily Ariinae, form the genera and species of the New World and the Old World, two monophyletic clades. The latter can in turn three Indo-Pacific ( genera Brustiarius, Netuma and Plicofollis ), a West African ( Carlarius ), an Indian- Southeast Asian and Australasian clade differ. Sister group of the cross catfish are the Malagasy Anchariidae with which they form the superfamily Arioidea.

• Subfamily Galeichthyinae Galeichthys feliceps Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes Galeichthys, 1840. Galeichthys ater ( Castelnau, 1861)
• Galeichthys feliceps ( Valenciennes, 1840)
• Galeichthys peruvianus ( Lütken, 1874)
• Galeichthys stanneus ( Richardson, 1846)

• Bagre Cloquet, 1816. Bagre bagre (Linnaeus, 1766 )
• Bagre marinus ( Mitchill, 1815)
• Bagre panamensis ( Gill, 1863)
• Bagre pinnimaculatus ( Steindachner, 1877)

• Ariopsis Gill, 1861. Ariopsis felis Ariopsis bonillai ( Miles, 1945)
• Ariopsis felis (Linnaeus, 1766 )
• Ariopsis seemanni ( Günther, 1864)

• Cathorops agassizii ( Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888)
• Cathorops Aguadulce (Meek, 1904)
• Cathorops arenatus ( Valenciennes, 1840)
• Cathorops belizensis ( Marceniuk & Betancur -R., 2008)
• Cathorops dasycephalus ( Günther, 1864)
• Cathorops festae ( Boulenger, 1898)
• Cathorops fuerthii ( Steindachner, 1877)
• Cathorops higuchii ( Marceniuk & Betancur -R., 2008)
• Cathorops hypophthalmus ( Steindachner, 1877)
• Cathorops kailolae ( Marceniuk & Betancur -R., 2008)
• Cathorops laticeps ( Günther, 1864)
• Cathorops manglarensis ( Marceniuk, 2007)
• Cathorops mapale ( Betancur-R. & Acero, 2005)
• Cathorops melanopus ( Günther, 1864)
• Cathorops multiradiatus ( Günther, 1864)
• Cathorops puncticulatus ( Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840)
• Cathorops spixii ( Agassiz, 1829)
• Cathorops steindachneri ( Gilbert & Starks, 1904)
• Cathorops tuyra (Meek & Hildebrand, 1923)
• Cathorops variolosus ( Valenciennes Cuvier & Valenciennes a, 1840)

• Genidens barbus ( Lacépède, 1803)
• Genidens genidens ( Cuvier, 1829)
• Genidens machadoi ( Miranda Ribeiro, 1918)
• Genidens planifrons ( Higuchi, Rice & Araújo, 1982)

• Notary ambrusteri ( Bentacur-R. & Acero P., 2006)
• Notary biffi ( Betancur & Acero, 2004)
• Notary bonillai ( Miles, 1945)
• Notary grandi cassis ( Valenciennes, 1840)
• Notary kessleri ( Steindachner, 1877)
• Notary lentiginosus ( Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888)
• Notary neogranatensis ( Acero P. & Betancur -R., 2002)
• Notary osculus ( Jordan & Gilbert, 1883)
• Notary planiceps ( Steindachner, 1877)
• Notary quadriscutis ' ( Valenciennes, 1840)
• Notary troschelii ( Gill, 1863)

• Occidentarius platypogon ( Günther 1864)

• Potamarius grandoculis ( Steindachner, 1877)
• Potamarius izabalensis ( Hubbs & Miller, 1960)
• Potamarius labiatus ( Boulenger, 1898)
• Potamarius nelsoni ( Evermann & Goldsborough, 1902)
• Potamarius usumacintae ( Betancur -R & Willink, 2007)

• Sciades assimilis ( Günther, 1864)
• Sciades couma ( Valenciennes, 1840)
• Sciades dowii ( Gill, 1863)
• Sciades emphysetus ( Müller & Troschel, 1849)
• Sciades guatemalensis ( Günther, 1864)
• Sciades herzbergii ( Bloch, 1794)
• Sciades hymenorrhinos ( Bleeker, 1862)
• Sciades Mastersi ( Ogilby, 1898)
• Sciades passany ( Valenciennes, 1840)
• Sciades paucus ( Kailola, 2000)
• Sciades platypogon ( Günther, 1864)
• Sciades Proops ( Valenciennes, 1840)
• Sciades troschelii ( Gill, 1863)

Netuma ( Indo-Pacific )

Carlarius (West Africa)

Indian- Southeast Asian clade

Plicofollis ( Indo-Pacific )

Brustiarius ( Indo-Pacific )

Australasian clade

• Genera and species of the subfamily Ariinae from the Old World Amissidens Kailola, 2004. Amissidens hainesi ( Kailola, 2000)

• Amphiarius phrygiatus ( Valenciennes, 1840)
• Amphiarius rugispinis ( Valenciennes, 1840)

• Arius acutirostris Day, 1877
• Arius africanus Günther, 1867
• Arius arenarius ( Müller & Troschel, 1849)
• Arius arius (Hamilton, 1822)
• Arius brunellii Zollezi, 1939
• Arius cous Hyrtl, 1859
• Arius dispar Herre, 1926
• Arius festinus Ng & Sparks, 2003
• Arius gagora (Hamilton, 1822)
• Arius gagorides ( Valenciennes, 1840)
• Arius jatius (Hamilton, 1822)
• Arius jella Day, 1877
• Arius leptonotacanthus Bleeker, 1849
• Arius maculatus ( Thunberg, 1792)
• Arius madagascariensis Vaillant, 1894
• Arius malabaricus Day, 1877
• Arius manillensis Valenciennes, 1840
• Arius microcephalus Bleeker, 1855
• Arius nenga (Hamilton, 1822)
• Arius oetik Bleeker, 1846
• Arius subrostratus Valenciennes, 1840
• Arius uncinatus Ng & Sparks, 2003
• Arius venosus Valenciennes, 1840

• Aspistor luniscutis ( Valenciennes, 1840)
• Aspistor parkeri ( Traill, 1832)

• Batrachocephalus mino ( Francis Buchanan - Hamilton, 1822)

• Brustiarius nox ( Herre, 1935)
• Brustiarius solidus ( Herre, 1935)

• Carlarius heudelotii ( Valenciennes, 1840)

• Cephalocassis borneensis ( Bleeker, 1851)
• Cephalocassis jatia ( Francis Buchanan - Hamilton, 1822)
• Cephalocassis manillensis ( Valenciennes, 1840)
• Cephalocassis melanochir ( Bleeker, 1852)

• Cinetodus carinatus ( Weber, 1913)
• Cinetodus conorhynchus ( Weber, 1913)
• Cinetodus crassilabris ( Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)
• Cinetodus froggatti ( Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)

• Cochlefelis burmanicus ( Day, 1870)
• Cochlefelis danielsi ( Regan, 1908)
• Cochlefelis spatula ( Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)

• Cryptarius daugueti ( Chevey, 1932)
• Cryptarius truncatus ( Valenciennes, 1840)

• Doiichthys Kookaburra ( Weber, 1913)

• Hemiarius sona ( Francis Buchanan - Hamilton, 1822)
• Hemiarius verrucosus ( Ng, 2003)

• Hemipimelodus bicolor ( Fowler, 1935)
• Hemipimelodus borneensis ( Bleeker, 1851)
• Hemipimelodus jatius ( Francis Buchanan - Hamilton, 1822)
• Hemipimelodus macrocephalus ( Bleeker, 1858)
• Hemipimelodus manillensis ( Valenciennes, 1840)
• Hemipimelodus sundanensis ( Hardenberg, 1948)

• Hexanematichthys dowii ( Gill, 1863)
• Hexanematichthys Henni ( Eigenmann, 1922)
• Hexanematichthys leptocassis ( Bleeker, 1861)
• Hexanematichthys Mastersi ( Ogilby, 1898)
• Hexanematichthys Sagor ( Francis Buchanan - Hamilton, 1822)
• Hexanematichthys sundaicus ( Bleeker, 1858)
• Hexanematichthys surinamensis ( Bleeker, 1862)

• Ketengus typus ( Bleeker, 1847)

• Nedystoma dayi ( Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)
• Nedystoma Kookaburra ( Weber, 1913)

• Nemapteryx armed ( De Vis, 1884)
• Nemapteryx augusta ( Roberts, 1978)
• Nemapteryx bleekeri ( Popta, 1900)
• Nemapteryx caelata ( Valenciennes, 1840)
• Nemapteryx macronotacantha ( Bleeker, 1846)
• Nemapteryx nenga ( Francis Buchanan - Hamilton, 1822)

• Neoarius berneyi ( Whitley, 1941)
• Neoarius coatesi ( Kailola, 1990)
• Neoarius graeffei ( Kner & Steindachner, 1867)
• Neoarius latirostris ( Macleay, 1883)
• Neoarius midgleyi ( Kailola & Pierce, 1988)
• Neoarius pectoralis ( Kailola, 2000)
• Neoarius taylori ( Roberts, 1978)
• Neoarius utarus ( Kailola, 1990)
• Neoarius velutinus ( Weber, 1907)

• Netuma aulometopon ( Fowler, 1915)
• Netuma bilineata ( Valenciennes, 1840)
• Netuma hassleriana ( Borodin, 1934)
• Netuma proxima ( Ogilby, 1889)
• Netuma thalassina ( Rüppell, 1837)

• Osteogeneiosus blochii ( Bleeker, 1846)
• Osteogeneiosus cantoris ( Bleeker, 1854)
• Osteogeneiosus gracilis ( Bleeker, 1846)
• Osteogeneiosus ingluvies ( Bleeker, 1846)
• Osteogeneiosus longiceps ( Bleeker, 1846)
• Osteogeneiosus militaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Osteogeneiosus valenciennesi ( Bleeker, 1846)

• Plicofollis argyropleuron ( Valenciennes, 1840)
• Plicofollis crossocheilos ( Bleeker, 1846)
• Plicofollis dussumieri ( Valenciennes, 1840)
• Plicofollis magatensis ( Herre, 1926)
• Plicofollis nella ( Valenciennes, 1840)
• Plicofollis platystomus ( Day, 1877)
• Plicofollis polystaphylodon ( Bleeker, 1846)
• Plicofollis tenuispinis ( Day, 1877)
• Plicofollis tonggol ( Bleeker, 1846)

• Potamosilurus macrorhynchus ( Weber, 1913)