Arthur Schuster

Sir Franz Arthur Friedrich Schuster ( born September 12, 1851 in Frankfurt am Main, † October 17, 1934 in Yeldall, Berkshire ) was an English physicist of German descent.

Life and work

Arthur Schuster was born into a Jewish family who emigrated in 1869 to Manchester. During this time he studied in Geneva French. In 1870, he also moved to Manchester. Schuster studied physics at Balfour Stewart. He then went to the University of Heidelberg on Gustav Robert Kirchhoff and received his doctorate here in 1873. Then he returned to Manchester and was a year assistant at Balfour Stewart. Then Schuster continued his studies with Wilhelm Eduard Weber at the University of Göttingen and the Hermann von Helmholtz in Berlin. He then worked for two years in Cambridge at the Cavendish Laboratory under James Clerk Maxwell and later with John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh.

1881 Schuster was a professor of applied physics at the University of Manchester in 1888 and successor of Balfour Stewart as Professor of Physics. Among his students, among others, Ernest Rutherford and William Lawrence Bragg.

Schuster examined 1889, the daily variations of terrestrial magnetism with spherical harmonics. In 1907 he drew up a dynamo theory of the geomagnetic field. From 1914 to 1922 Schuster developed the Schuster -Smith ( coil ) magnetometer.

In 1898 he also used the term antimatter in two letters to the journal Nature. He speculated about all the star systems of antimatter, which would be of our matter by observing indistinguishable.

Honors

Arthur Schuster in 1893 awarded the Royal Medal in 1926 with the Rumford Medal in 1931 and the Copley Medal. In 1879 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. According to him, a crater on the Moon is named back.

Writings (selection )

  • Arthur Schuster: Spectrum analysis. Macmillan, London, 4th edition 1885
  • An introduction to the theory of optics. E. Arnold, London 1904 - Henry E. Roscoe.
  • Potential Matter. In: Nature. Volume 58, number 1513, pp. 618-619 (18 August 1898) Abstract
  • The progress of physics falling on 33 years ( 1875-1908 ) - four lectures delivered to the University of Calcutta falling on March 1908, Arno Press, New York, 1975, ISBN 0-405-06615-5. .
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