Astilbe
Astilbe × arendsii variety
Astilbe ( Astilbe ), often called the German Astilbe is a genus which belongs to the family of the saxifrage family ( Saxifragaceae ). The home is especially East Asia. In the temperate latitudes of the northern hemisphere some species and their hybrids are planted in parks and gardens.
- 5.1 Literature
- 5.2 Notes and references
Description
Vegetative characteristics
In Astilbe species are large, perennial, herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth of 150 to 200 cm depending on the type. They are stocks with underground, thick rhizomes. For these rhizomes also the upright, flower-bearing stems with brown one to multicellular trichomes grow one hand undergraduate, large leaves, on the other hand scaly hairs to long and that interaction constant leaves become smaller towards the top.
The leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petioles have one to multicellular trichomes. The shiny leaf blades are usually feathered one to several times. The short-stalked leaflets are ovate to rhombic or lanceolate and have one-to multicellular trichomes. The largest, terminal pinnule is usually three-lobed. The edges of the leaflets are to irregularly doubly serrate serrated or sharp. The stipules are membranous.
Generative features
Astilbe species are mostly dioecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( dioecious ). The relatively large, terminal, often branched, feathery, paniculate inflorescences contain bracts and usually of very many ( 500-2000 ) flowers. It looks similar spring-like from, like the goat's beard, so the astilbe are also sometimes called Scheingeißbärte.
The short flower stalks bend backwards to fruit maturity. The small white to purple or reddish flowers are fünfzählig and most einschlechtig, but there are also hermaphroditic. The usually greenish - white flowers cup ( hypanthium ) are fused to one-quarter of the ovary, the free area is 1 mm long. The (four to ) usually five sepals are often white or rarely red to pink to purple color in the wild forms (with the varieties were often more intense colors read ). The number of small petals varies between zero and five. There are usually two groups of four to five stamens present (rare there are only five in total). The most two, often three carpels are fused usually a two - or three compartments superior ovaries or free. The ovary is surrounded by a poorly differentiated nectar discus. There are many ovules exist. The mostly two or three rare stylus each end in a scar.
There shall be two to rarely dreischnabelige fruit capsules or follicles. The small, brown seeds are winged and its two ends are often rotated. The shimmering seed surface is striped and slightly wrinkled.
The basic chromosome number is x = 7
Dissemination
The main distribution area of Astilbe species lies in East Asia from Japan to Indonesia and west to the Himalaya and south to New Guinea. Only one species is native to eastern North America. So you are naturally present only in the northern hemisphere.
Most species are forest plants preferably grow in moist places along streams or rivers.
System
The first publication of the genus Astilbe took place in 1825 by David Don, based on a manuscript by Francis Buchanan - Hamilton. Type species is Astilbe rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don. A synonym for Astilbe Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don is Hoteia C.Morren & Decne. The botanical name Astilbe comes from the Greek a- without stilbo for and shine, shimmer and refers to the fact that otherwise the leaves resemble those of Aruncus.
There are about 18 to 24 Astilbe species ( selection):
- Appalachian Astilbe ( Astilbe biternata ( Vent. ) Britton, Syn: Astilbe crenatiloba ): She is the only American Art Their range extends from the southern Appalachian Mountains of Mingo County, about West Virginia, Virginia and Kentucky to the Carolinas, Tennessee and northwestern Georgia.
- Chinese Astilbe ( Astilbe chinensis ( Maxim. ) Franch & Sav. . ): It grows in forests, forest edges, meadows, valleys and along streams at altitudes 400-3600 m in Japan, Korea, Russia and in Eastern and Central China. It has dense, white to pink inflorescences whose panicles are narrow spike -like.
- Astilbe davidii ( Franch. ) A. Henry with pink, tight and narrow panicles and bronze tinted young leaves. This type is often var chinensis Astilbe davidii Franch as well. construed.
- Astilbe glaberrima Nakai: It is endemic to the Japanese island of Yakushima and thrives on rock at mountain rivers.
- Astilbe grandis Stapf ex EHWilson ( Syn: Astilbe koreana ( Kom ) Nakai ): It grows in the forest, thickets and swamps at altitudes between 400 and 2000 meters in Korea and eastern China.
- Japanese Astilbe ( Astilbe japonica ( C.Morren & Decne ) A. Gray. ): It grows on rocks in mountain rivers on the Japanese islands of Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu.
- Astilbe longicarpa ( Hayata ) Hayata: It thrives in low to medium altitudes in Taiwan.
- Astilbe macrocarpa Knoll: It grows in thickets and meadows in gutters at altitude 500-1600 meters in the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Hunan and Zhejiang.
- Astilbe macro flora Hayata: It thrives only in peak regions at altitudes 3200-3800 meters in the central Taiwan.
- Small-leaved Astilbe ( Astilbe microphylla Knoll ): This smaller species grows in moist, airy locations on the Japanese islands of Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu.
- Astilbe philippinensis A.Henry
- Bach Astilbe ( Astilbe rivularis Buch.-Ham ex D.Don. ): It is with a height of up to 2.5 m, the largest art you will also sometimes cultivated for its large, arching, creamy white inflorescences. The home of the varieties is Bhutan, northern India, Indonesia, Kashmir, Laos, northern Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam and the Chinese provinces of Yunnan and Xizang.
- Red Astilbe ( Astilbe Rubra Hook f & Thomson. ): It grows on forest edges at altitudes of about 2400 meters in India and the Chinese provinces of Fujian, Hubei, southern Xizang and northwestern Yunnan.
- Einfachblättrige Astilbe ( Astilbe simplicifolia Makino ), a Japanese style with simple, serrated leaves.
- Thunberg Astilbe ( Astilbe thunbergii ( Sieb. & Zucc ) Miq. . ): This Japanese style with some varieties was used as a parent for many breeds.
- Hybrid Astilbe or Garden Astilbe ( Astilbe x arendsii Arends ) is a group of hybrids where first of all Astilbe astilboides, A. chinensis, A. japonica, A. thunbergii are involved as parents.
Use
Due to the spring-like, pyramidal inflorescences some species are cultivated as ornamentals robust in parks and gardens, especially different varieties of Chinese Astilbe Astilbe chinensis and many hybrids.
Most cultivated plants in the garden, however, are hybrids between the species A. astilboidess, A. japonica, A. davidii and A. thunbergii, again the most popular of these hybrids of the plant breeder Georg Arends originate and are referred to as " Arendsii hybrids ".
The young green plant parts are eaten with Astilbe chinensis. The young fruits are eaten in Astilbe longicarpa. In Astilbe thunbergii, the young leaves are eaten cooked and the leaves serve as Teeersatz.