Beryozovo

Berjosowo (Russian Берёзово; Khanty Сўмӑтвош; Mansi Хāльӯс ) is an urban-type settlement in the West Siberian autonomous district of the Khanty-Mansi / Yugra (Russia) with 7287 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010 ).

Geography

The settlement is located in the West Siberian Plain about 400 kilometers in a straight line north-west of the administrative center of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, on the left bank of the Northern Sos'va 35 km above its confluence with the left Whether Arm ( Small Ob). Immediately below Berjosowo flows from left to Wogulka in the Northern Sos'va.

Berjosowo is the administrative center of the homonymous Rajons Berjosowo. The administration of the settlement ( Gorodskoje posselenije ) are also the lying also on the left bank of the Northern Sos'va villages Deminskaja (7 km downstream ) and Schaitanka (25 km upstream ) and Tutleim at the Wogulka (20 miles west) assumed.

History

Berjosowo is one of the oldest Russian settlements beyond the Urals. It was founded in 1593 by Cossacks as a fortress ( Ostrog ). The name is derived from the Russian word for birch berjosa; the Khanty name is synonymous. In the 17th century, was the site of regional administrative center and major trading center especially for the export of furs from this part of Western Siberia. 1764 was the place as Berjosow city rights as an administrative center of a Ujesds the governorship Tobolsk. Later the city became the center of a okrugs of the government of the same name.

In the 18th and 19th centuries the Berjosow relatively easily accessible via Irtysh and Ob as a 17- year-old student in the contract has been repeatedly achieved and described by explorers, including Gerhard Friedrich Müller ( during the Second Kamchatka in the 1730s ), Vasily Zuev ( Peter Simon Pallas ' while Siberia expedition 1771), Georg Adolf Erman ( during his trip around the world in 1828 ) and Otto Finsch (1876 ).

From the second half of the 18th century Berjosow lost its economic importance as the trade routes to Siberia now went further south, first the Siberian tract, and later the Trans-Siberian Railway. In addition, the place burned down almost completely in three times ( 1719, 1808 and 1887). In November 1923 he was in an administrative reform center of a Rajons; but the city has been withdrawn on 5 April 1926, the site was Selo under the present form of the name.

With the discovery of the first natural gas field of western Siberia on the edge Berjosowos in September 1953 and the further exploration of this occurrence, the population grew back to several times, and already on April 8, 1954 Berjosowo received the status of an urban-type settlement. The exploitation of the natural gas reservoir Berjosowskoje began in 1963.

Berjosowo as a place of exile

Since the early 18th century Berjosow was also a place of exile. 1724 certain Tsar Peter I the Berjosower Ostrog as a prison for treason and other political prisoners. Among the first inmates was Prince Alexander Menshikov, who died there in 1729. Other prominent prisoners were Prince Alexei Dolgoruky († 1734 Berjosow ), Duke Biron ( November 6, 1741 to February 27, 1742 ) and the statesman and diplomat Heinrich Ostermann († 1747 in Berjosow ).

In the 19th century, ( Vasily Nogin below) exiled to Berjosow Decembrists and revolutionaries. Leon Trotsky fled during the deportation in his second exile in the further obabwärts located Obdorsk (now Salechard ) 1907 Berjosow. Even in the Soviet period the city survived until the early 1960s aim for under the Stalinist purges exiles and " special settlers ".

Demographics

Note: from 1897 census data

Culture and sights

In Berjosowo there since 1979, a local history museum in a building from the late 19th century. More stone and wooden buildings from this period have survived, as did the Virgin Birth Church ( церковь Рождества Пресвятой Богородицы / Tserkov Roschdestwa Preswjatoi Bogoroditsy ) of 1786. Among the symbol of the village include a Menshikov Monument and the stylized hole R -1 as Monument to the discovery of the first natural gas in West Siberia. In addition, a center of culture and art of the peoples of the north exists.

Economy and infrastructure

The main industry is the production of natural gas; next to inland fisheries is operated.

Berjosowo is not connected to the Russian road network. The nearest railway station is located about 150 kilometers south ( obaufwärts ) in Priobje, points of each section of Serov on Ivdel the Urals. After Priobje and other places (such as Khanty-Mansiysk, Yugorsk, Igrim ) is the ice-free period ship connection over whether and Northern Sos'va, otherwise over ice roads on these rivers.

From Berjosowo airport ( ICAO code USHB ) is connect to different airports of the Autonomous Okrug and to Tyumen (mainly operated by UTair ); helicopters with small settlements of Rajons are served.