Brodiaeoideae

Bloomeria crocea

The subfamily Brodiaeoideae belongs to the family of the asparagus plants ( Asparagaceae ) in the order of the asparagus -like ( Asparagales ) within the monocot plants ( monocots ). It contains about ten to twelve genera with about 50 to 68 species and is found only in the New World.

• 2.1 Taxonomic History
• 2.2 systematics

• 3.1 Notes and references

Description

Habit and foliage leaves

There are perennial herbaceous plants. These geophytes form tubers with membranous or fibrous sheath ( tunic ) as outlasting; So they do not form bulbs in contrast to the leek family ( Alliaceae ). The basal leaves are oblong and easily with smooth boundary.

Inflorescences and flowers

The inflorescence stem is leafless. The doldigen inflorescences are similar to the leek family ( Alliaceae ), but with four or more membranous bracts, not all of which surround the flowers.

The small, hermaphrodite, mostly radial symmetry blooms are triple. The identically designed bloom ( tepals ) are more or less strongly adherent or free. There are two circles, each with three stamens present; either all fertile or that of a circle are transformed into staminodes. The three carpels are fused into a superior ovaries. The ovary can sit on a Gonophor.

Fruit and seeds

Are formed lokulizidale capsule fruits. The seeds are mostly black.

Distribution, taxonomic history and systematics

Its distribution area in western North America and in Central America, ranging from British Columbia to Guatemala. They have two centers of biodiversity: the western U.S. and Mexico.

Taxonomic history

After APG III and Chase et al. 2009, the order of the asparagus -like ( Asparagales ) is reorganized. This family boundaries were greatly moved. Some earlier families own only the rank of subfamilies. The former family Themidaceae is now only a subfamily Brodiaeoideae in the family of asparagus plants ( Asparagaceae ).

According to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature ( ICBN; . McNeill et al 2006 ) the names of subfamilies may not be conserved. The name was Hamilton Paul Traub Brodiaeoideae in: published Plantlife, 28, 1972, p 131.

The family name Themidaceae 1866 posted by Richard Anthony Salisbury in The Genera of Plants, 84. These genera were ( at least Cronquist 1981) filed earlier in the Liliaceae and example still in Dahlgren, Clifford & Yeo in 1985 as a tribe Brodiaeae in the Alliaceae Amaryllidaceae or ( Traub 1963, Niehaus 1971, Keator 1989). Hamilton Paul Traub published in 1982 invalidated a family Brodiaeaceae order Alliales, In: Plant Life, 38, 1982, p 119-132. Molecular genetic studies have led to the fact that these eleven genera were placed in the Themidaceae family ( Meerow et al. 1999, Chase et al. 2000, Fay et al. 2000, Pires et al. 2001). The Tribe Milleae Baker was incorporated into this family, expanding to twelve genera.

In particular, the genus Brodiaea has a checkered taxonomic history: she was a collective pot with about 45 species from North and South America ( Baker 1896). Hoover distant 1939, the South American species, which were then placed in 1963 by Traub in the genera Tristagma and Nothoscordum in the subtribe Alliinae, all with onion- like odor. This left the 30 to 35 North American species differing in distribution and morphology of the genus in the subtribe Brodiaea Brodiaeinae. Both belonged to the tribe subtribe Allieae within the Amaryllidaceae. Further investigation revealed that the remaining species could well be divided into groups and Jepson presented on three subgenera, the Hoover as a separate three genera Brodiaea, Dichelostemma Kunth and Triteleia Douglas ex Lindl. panelist. These three genera have been confirmed by many studies (listed in its scope as below in the species list).

System

The subfamily Brodiaeoideae can be divided into two monophyletic groups the Milla complex ( Bessera, Dandya, Milla and Petro nymph ) with a center of diversity in Mexico and the Brodiaea complex ( Androstephium, Bloomeria, Brodiaea, Dichelostemma, Muilla, Triteleia and Triteleiopsis ) with a center of biodiversity in the Western United States. The position of the monotypic genus Jaimehintonia is still under discussion.

The subfamily Brodiaeoideae comprises about ten to twelve genera with about 50 to 68 species:

• Androstephium Torr. With three species in the western United States and northern Mexico. It is the genus with the easternmost distribution, since it extends to South Dakota and Texas.
• Bessera Schult. f (including Behria Greene): With only a few species in Mexico.
• Bloomeria Kellogg: With three species in central and southern California and northern Baja California in Mexico.
• Brodiaea Sm: With about 14 species in western North America and in the Mexican northern Baja California.
• Dandya HEMoore: With about four species in the northern and south-western Mexico.
• Dichelostemma S.Schauer (including Brevoortia Alph.Wood, Dipterostemon Rydb, Macroscapa Kellogg, Stropholirion Torr.. ): With five species in western North America and the northern Mexican states of Baja California and Sonora.
• Jaimehintonia B.L.Turner, with only one type: Jaimehintonia gypsophila BLTurner: It thrives in chalky soils in Nuevo León and Coahuila in Mexico maybe.

• Petro nymph decora: It is endemic in the Mexican state of Guerrero. It is only known from a locality: near Acahuizotla, an hour south of Chilpancingo at altitudes above 3500 meters, where they thrive to 30 m high vertical walls over a river.

• Triteleiopsis palmeri ( S.Watson ) Hoover: She has deposits in southwestern Arizona and the northern Mexican states of Baja California and Sonora.

Swell

• The subfamily of Brodiaeoideae in APWebsite. (Section Description and systematics)
• J. Chris Pires & Kenneth J. Sytsma: A Phylogenetic Evaluation of a Biosystematic Framework: Brodiaea and Related petaloid monocots ( Themidaceae ), in American Journal of Botany, 89 (8 ), 2002, 1342-1359: PDF Online.
• Thad Monroe Howard: Bulbs for Warm Climates, University of Texas Press, 2001: pp. 211-225 Themidaceae. ISBN 978-0-292-73126-4