Capparaceae

Real caper ( Capparis spinosa)

Caper plants ( Capparaceae ) are a family of plants in the order of Kreuzblütlerartigen ( Brassicales ).

Use

In the capers, the flower buds are eaten. Capparis spinosa and Capparis ovata are particularly common in the Mediterranean; the annual production capers ( as a spice ) is 10,000 tons.

Description

There are trees, shrubs or lianas, rarely there are herbaceous plants; some species are klimmende plants, many species are xerophytic. Most species are evergreen; deciduous are some Crateva species. Often parts of plants have branched or simple hairs ( trichomes ). The leaves are usually alternate or rarely arranged on opposite sides. The leaf blades are simple or compound with three to nine leaflets rarely. If stipules are present, then they are spiny or small.

The flowers are borne in racemose, paniculate or almost schirmtraubigen doldigen inflorescences on cover sheets individually or two or ten. The most androgynous, sometimes unisexual flowers are almost radial symmetry to zygomorph and often cruciform. One or circuits, each with four sepals present, which may be equal or unequal. Petals are usually four, are seldom many or eight present or they are missing, they can be keeled. Often many (rarely four, often six to 20 or up to 100) stamens are present, the stamens are often long. Often Gynophore or rarely Androgynophore are formed. There are two to twelve carpels present. The ovary is upper constant. A discus is available. It can be formed with one to many seeds often berries or fruit capsules, rare stone fruit or nut fruits. The kidney-shaped to polygonal seeds are sculpted smooth or different and contain a straight embryo; there may be present a little endosperm.

Systematics and distribution

They appear mainly in tropical and subtropical climates, only a few species extend to the moderates areas.

The Capparaceae family were established in 1789 by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu under the name " Capparides " Genera Plantarum in, pp. 242-243. The type genus is Capparis L.. A synonym of Capparaceae Juss. is subfam. Capparoideae.

The Capparaceae family contains about 16 to 29 genera with about 480 to 650 species:

  • Anisocapparis Cornejo & H.H. Iltis; a genus, which was erected in 2008; it includes only one type: Anisocapparis speciosa ( Griseb. ) Cornejo & H.H. Iltis; it is found in Bolivia, Argentina and Paraguay
  • Bachmannia woodii ( Oliv. ) Gilg; it is found in South Africa
  • Belencita nemorosa ( Jacq. ) Dugand; it is found in Colombia and Venezuela
  • Borthwickia trifoliata WWSm. Thrives in moist valleys, forests and gullies at altitude 300-1400 meters in southern Yunnan, eastern and northern Myanmar.
  • Caper ( Capparis spinosa L.)
  • Cladostemon kirkii ( Oliv. ) Pax & Gilg; it occurs in South and South-East Africa
  • Dhofaria macleishii A.G.Mill. ; it occurs in Oman
  • Dipterygium glaucum Decne. ; it occurs between Egypt and Pakistan
  • Mesocapparis lineata ( Pers.) Cornejo & Iltis; it occurs in Brazil
  • Neothorelia laotica Gagnep. ; it occurs in Southeast Asia
  • Poilanedora unijuga Gagnep. ; it occurs in Southeast Asia
  • Puccionia macradenia Chiov. ; it occurs in northern Somalia
  • Sarcotoxicum salicifolium ( Griseb. ) Cornejo & Iltis; it is found in Argentina
  • Tiranía purpurea Pierre; it occurs in South Vietnam.

Depending on the author genera are classified here or in other families of Brassicales, here the system is currently under discussion. So, for example, must possibly the four genera Forchhammeria, Neothorelia, Stixis and tiranía be classified into a separate new family of Stixaceae and the genus Borthwickia maybe also comes into its own family Borthwickiaceae.

Ingredients

Always glucosinolates are present ( closely related to the cabbage family ( Brassicaceae) ).

Swell

  • The Capparaceae in APWebsite family. (Section Description and systematics)
  • Description of the family of Capparaceae at DELTA. (English )
  • Zhang Mingli & Gordon C. Tucker: Capparaceae in the Flora of China, Volume 7, 2008, 433: Online. (Section Description and systematics)
  • David John Mabberley: Mabberley 's Plant -Book. A portable dictionary of plants, Their classification and uses. 3rd ed Cambridge University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4
Liane Ovary (botany) Berry Drupe Agricultural Research Service
162798
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