Carillon

A Carillon [ karijɔ ] is a playable, large carillon, which is typically located in a tower or a purpose-built building. It consists of chromatic or diatonic tuned bells that can be played using a keyboard by a player or mechanically (eg by means of a roller or by electronic control). The concert playability makes it different from the music box - shape of the carillon, its size and the nature of the bells from the orchestra chimes.

  • 7.1 Germany 7.1.1 Mobile carillon in Germany

History

Carillon is the French term for " glockenspiel ". The term also refers to the played in bands and orchestras metal rod chimes and music pieces that are intended for the carillon. The name is derived from " quatrillionem ", the rhythmic attack of four bells, as it was applied in the 14th century by the watchman.

The origins of the Carillon in Belgium, the Netherlands and northern France. The first tuned carillon was cast in 1652 by Pieter and Francois Hemony and built in Zutphen. By the end of the 18th century this art was forgotten. Only at the end of the 19th century came the Carillon, particularly through the carillonneur Jef Denyn from Mechelen in Belgium back in fashion.

In the Netherlands there is the largest stock of carillons worldwide ( total 806 carillons, of which 158 carillons by standard WCF, in Germany there are 43 carillons ).

Modern definition

The World Carillon Federation (WCF ) requires an Carillon, that it has at least 23 bells ( chromatically over two octaves ) and the bells are struck directly from a gaming table by means of cables. The following discussion deals in particular with this type of instruments.

Modern instruments are free to play on an electric organ keyboard. Since the name " Carillon " is used only for instruments with mechanical game table, missing for instruments with electric play a very special table name as " Carillon " is an umbrella term that includes, for example, also portable and battered by hand instruments.

The ability to store pieces played and automatically play back later, also exists in a part of the carillon with mechanical game table, both in the traditional way (eg Welte system) or by computer control.

Construction

The clapper of the bell or outside of the bell arranged resiliently mounted hammers are connected by taut wires and toggle with the keys of the console and are mechanically played by the Carilloneur. The console of the carillon is similar to an organ. It consists of a framework, in which the canes are built for the manual and the keys of the pedal. The poles of the manual are arranged such as piano keys, however, the distances between the individual sticks are substantially larger than that of a piano.

Play

Since a large force is required for the striking of the bells, the carillon is played with a Manual fist, more specifically with the middle member of the little finger. The larger bells can also not only by manual, but additionally be played with the feet per pedal. In some carillon is a case that the biggest bells can be played alone by pedal.

Differentiation of play

Due to the dimensions of the keys only a maximum of three tones with intervals can be played up to a fifth per hand. To play, for example, two tones at the same time with one hand, the tactics of the above, by the hand is opened and the poles with the thumb and forefinger are pressed down is different.

The bells of the Carillon are not provided with a damping so that linger especially the deep bells very long. Thus, it is no longer possible, nor to affect the sound of a once ailing bell until it has died away. Furthermore, the large bells sound much louder and longer than the smaller bells. In addition, the partial of the minor third is clearly audible, which can quickly lead to dissonance for reverberating tones. Thus, the Carillonspiel requires a very strong changing dynamics, which is regulated by the velocity of the poles to minimize dissonance.

Known carillon composers

  • Matthias van den Gheyn
  • John Gruytters
  • Staf Nees
  • Leen 't Hart

Known Carilloneure

(Category: Carilloneur )

Selected carillons

Germany

The largest carillons sorted in Germany, on the number of bells ( in brackets the mass of all bells):

  • Carillon of the Red Tower in Halle ( Saale), 76 bells ( 54,980 kg ), 1993
  • Carillon in the Tiergarten in Berlin, 68 bells ( 48,000 kg ), 1987
  • Carillon of Mariahilfkirche (München) in Munich- Au, 65 bells ( 22,000 kg ), 2012
  • Carillon in St. Joseph in city of Bonn, 62 bells ( 10,200 kg ), 1960
  • Carillon at the French Dome in Berlin, 60 bells ( 29,000 kg ), 1987
  • Carillon tower of St. Bartholomew in Erfurt, 60 bells ( 13,600 kg ), 1979/1992
  • Carillon of St. Nicholas Church (Hamburg), 51 bells ( 13,000 kg ), 1993
  • Carillon of the Julius -Maximilians -Universität Würzburg, 51 bells ( 3600 kg ), 2005
  • ( Dismantled and stored since 2007) Carillon at the Olympic Park in Munich, 50 bells ( 3600 kg ), 1972
  • Carillon in Kiel monastery, 50 bells ( 4085 kg ), 1999/2005
  • Carillon in the collegiate church Herrenberg, 50 bells (the largest bell 375 kg )
  • Carillon of the Catholic parish church of Our Lady in Epping, 49 bells ( 3983 kg ), 1986, Karlsruhe bell foundry
  • Carillon in the tower of St. Martin's Church in Illertissen, 49 bells ( 1500 kg ), 2006
  • Carillon Bell Tower in the Gustav Adolf Stave Church Clausthal, 49 bells (2,000 kg), 2002/2005
  • Carillon at the Wiesbaden Market Church, 49 bells ( 21,001 kg ), 1986
  • Carillon hospital Henriettenstiftung Hanover, 49 bells ( 2600 kg ), 1960, by Schilling, Heidelberg
  • Carillon Tower in the market of the Aachen Town Hall, 49 bells ( 2500 kg ), 1979
  • Carillon at the parish church in Geysa, 48 bells ( 2003 kg ), 2002
  • Carillon in the tower of the new town hall of the city of Chemnitz (Saxony), 48 bells ( 5200 kg ), 1978
  • Carillon in Johannesburg Castle ( Aschaffenburg ), 48 bells, 1969
  • Carillon Tower in the old town hall in Cologne, 48 bells, 1958
  • Carillon in the tower of the Protestant Collegiate Church (Kaiserslautern ), 47 bells, 2009
  • Carillon of the Old Nikolai Church in Frankfurt am Main, 47 bells, 1957/1959/1994
  • Glockenspiel at the Magdeburg City Hall, 47 bells, 1974
  • Carillon Karlskirche Kassel, 47 bells, 1957/1989
  • Carillon in the Aldegundiskirche in Emmerich, 43 bells, 2000
  • Chimes of the Christian Church in Hamburg- Ottensen, 42 bells
  • Carillon in St. Nicholas' Church (Berlin), 41 bells, by Schilling, goods
  • Carillon in the grain market church in Mühlhausen, 41 bells, 1991
  • Carillon at the Anna church in Düren, 37 bells, 1964
  • Carillon at City Hall tower, Melle, 37 bells, 2010 (from Eijsbouts )
  • Carillon at the old school house of the market Because Bach, 37 bells, 2006
  • Carillon at City Hall in Gera, 37 bells, 1988
  • Carillon at the Little Collegiate Church in exchange Burg, 36 bells, 1988
  • Carillon at Five Gables House at University Square in Rostock, 32 bells, 1986
  • Carillon in the Catholic parish church in Schirgiswalde, 29 bells, 1991
  • Carillon at the town hall in Heidelberg, 26 bells, 1961
  • Carillon at Schlachtermarkt in Schwerin, 26 bells, 1991
  • Carillon in the Old Town Hall in Offenburg, 25 bells, 1989
  • Carillon in the park keep in Saalfeld, 25 bells, 1986
  • Carillon in the Catholic parish church in Altenburg, 24 bells, 1982
  • Carillon in Ehrenhain in Potsdam, 24 bells, 1987
  • Carillon in the tower lantern of St. John's church in Loessnitz in the Ore Mountains, 23 bells, 1939, by Schilling in Apolda
  • Carillon in the city park in Bad Godesberg, 23 bells

Mobile carillon in Germany

  • Mobile Carillon by Olaf Sandkuhl in Rostock, 37 bells, 2004
  • Mobile carillon in the bell foundry Perner Passau, 49 bells, 2012

Switzerland

  • Carillon of the Abbey of Saint -Maurice, 49 bells, weight of 14 tons, the largest instrument of Switzerland, Inauguration: September 24, 2004
  • Carillon of the Cathédrale Saint- Pierre in Geneva, 37 bells
  • Carillon in the church of Sainte -Croix in Carouge, 36 bells
  • Carillon in Zofingen in the tower room of the pin tower, 25 bells, since 1985
  • Carillon in Lens (Valais), Eglise Saint- Pierre -aux -Liens, 24 bells
  • Carillon in Pully, Eglise de la Rosiaz, 24 bells

Austria

  • Glockenspiel at the Innsbruck Cathedral, 48 bells
  • Carillon in the Cistercian Abbey of Heiligenkreuz ( Lower Austria ), 43 bells, 1982
  • Chimes in the New Residenz (Salzburg ), 35 bells, 1702

Belgium

  • The two carillons of St. Rombouts Cathedral, Mechelen; here is a prestigious international Carillonschule ( Dutch: " beiaardschool " ) operates
  • , Made the modern Carillon the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 63 bells in the U.S.
  • Carillon of the Belfry in Bruges
  • Carillon of the Cathedral of Our Lady, Antwerp
  • Carillon in the church of St. Sulpitius, Diest
  • Carillon of St. Gudulakathedrale, Brussels
  • Carillon in peer

Netherlands

  • Carillon Tower of Wester ( Wester gates ) in Amsterdam, 50 bells, one of Hemony; Bourdon (main bell) weighs 7500 kg and has 1636 cast
  • Carillon in "Palace on the Dam ," the former Town Hall ( 17th century, Hemony ), Amsterdam
  • Carillon of the Old Church ( Oude Kerk ) in Amsterdam
  • 2 carillon (35 bells & 58 ) of the tower of the Church of Our Lady in Amersfoort
  • Modern Carillon of the Technical University of Twente, Enschede
  • Carillon of the old Bavo, Haarlem
  • Carillon of the Sint Servaas Basilica Town Hall and the (59 bells, 1983) in Maastricht
  • Carillon of the Basilica of St. Plechelmus, Oldenzaal
  • Carillon cast in the tower of Utrecht Cathedral, 50 bells, 35 of them from Hemony, 1663-1664
  • Carillon of St. Martinustoren, Venlo ( Limburg), 53 bells
  • Carillon of de Grote Kerk in The Hague, 51 bells
  • Carillon of Stevenskerk in Nijmegen ( Nijmegen ), 48 bells, Monday 11-12 clock

France

  • Chimes of the astronomical clock in Strasbourg Cathedral, 1382
  • Chimes in the belfry of the city of Douai (France), 62 bells, 1954/1974
  • Chimes of the Collegiate Church of Notre -Dame -en- Vaux in Châlons -en -Champagne ( France), 56 bells, 1864
  • Glockenspiel front of the Basilica of Sainte -Thérèse in Lisieux, 51 bells, 1960

Rest of Europe

  • Carillon of the Cathedral of Cobh in Cobh (Ireland ), 49 bells, 1916
  • Chime in freestanding tower in Løgumkloster (Northern Schleswig ), 49 bells, 1973
  • Carillon Loughborough (England), 47 bells, 1923
  • Chimes of St. Catherine's Church in Gdansk, 49 bells
  • Carillon in Barcelona, ​​49 bells
  • Carillon in Stockholm, St. Gertrude's Church, 37 bells, 17th century
  • Chimes in the Špilberk in Brno, 15 bells, 1990

Other

  • Ann Arbor, USA, Burton Tower: 55 bells ( 43,000 kg ), while a bass Bourdon of 12,000 kg and John Taylor in 1936
  • Bloomfield Township, United States, Apostles ' Tower at Kirk in the Hills: 77 bells, Petit & Fritsen, 1960
  • Daejeon, South Korea, Hyechon College, College Tower: 77 bells ( 11,000 kg), Petit & Fritsen 2001
  • New York, USA, Riverside Church: 74 bells ( 18,500 kg ) from 1925 to 1930, Basisglockenton c
  • Chicago, USA, Rockefeller Chapel 's Carillon University Chapel: 72 bells ( 17,300 kg ) in 1932, Basisglockenton cis
  • Lawrence ( Kansas), USA: World War II Memorial Carillon & Campanile. 1950-1951
  • Washington, DC, USA: Peter and Paul Cathedral: 53 bells ( 10,900 kg ) in 1963, it Basisglockenton
  • Ottawa, Canada, Parliament, Peace Tower: 53 bells ( 10,150 kg ) in 1927, Basisglockenton e
  • Niagara Falls, Canada, Rainbow Carillon Tower: Known from the movie Niagara

Miscellaneous

In the film, Welcome to the Sticks comes before a carillon, which increased its notoriety among others in Germany.

Gouda Pieter and François Hemony Perpignan Perfect fifth Carillon in Berlin-Tiergarten Eppingen Aachen Rathaus Geisa Karlskirche (Kassel) Wechselburg St. Maurice's Abbey St. Pierre Cathedral Lens, Switzerland Peer, Belgium Royal Palace of Amsterdam Saint Bavo Notre-Dame-en-Vaux St Catherine's Church, Gdańsk Gdańsk German Church, Stockholm Bloomfield Township (Oakland County, Michigan) Lawrence (Kansas) Niagara Falls (Ontario) Niagara (1953 film) Integrated Authority File
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