Carl Leavitt Hubbs
Carl Leavitt Hubbs (* October 19, 1894 in Williams, Arizona, † June 30, 1979 in La Jolla, California ) was an American ichthyologist.
Life and work
Carl Leavitt Hubbs was the son of Charles Leavitt Hubbs Hubbs and Elizabeth, nee Goss. His father was a farmer, owner of an iron mine and a newspaper editor. The family made several moves before settling in San Diego and Hubbs first came into contact with natural history. After the parents divorced in 1907, he lived with his mother, who ran a private school in Redondo Beach, California. From his maternal grandmother, Jane Goble Goss, one of the first physicians in California, Hubbs learned the harvesting of shellfish and other marine life.
One of the teachers, who was impressed by Hubbs scientific skills, advised him to study chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley. The family moved again to Los Angeles, where he was George Bliss Culver (1873-1949), one of the many volunteers for the ichthyologist David Starr Jordan (1851-1931), encouraged to abandon his ornithological studies and instead begun to study ichthyology, especially the ichthyofauna the rivers of Los Angeles, which was very little research at that time.
After completing his studies at Stanford University, who was ichthyologist Charles Henry Gilbert (1859-1928) Hubbs mentor. Gilbert gave him responsibility for the Fish Collection at Stanford University. During this period he met the ichthyologist John Otterbein Snyder (1867-1943), who was also a student of Jordan. 1916 became Hubbs his Bachelor of Arts and in 1917 his master's degree.
From 1917 to 1920 Hubbs worked as Assistant Curator in the Department of Ichthyology and Herpetology of the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. On 15 June 1918 he married Laura Cornelia Clark, with whom he had three children, daughter Frances and their two sons Clark and Earl. His wife, who earned a master's degree in 1915 and her BA in 1916, was a math teacher. 1940 married Frances the ichthyologist Robert Rush Miller ( 1916-2003 ), often worked with the Hubbs since 1938.
In 1920 he was curator of the Department of Ichthyology of the Museum of Zoology at the University of Michigan, a position he held 24 years. In 1927 he received his doctorate with a dissertation on " the consequences of the structural changes in the rate of evolution in fishes in relation to certain problems of evolution " to the Ph.D. Hubbs was among the employees who have contributed significantly to the expansion of the museum's collection. So he was in 1929 during an expedition to Java, was collected at the five tons of new material. In the following years he studied the hybridization between different species of fish.
In addition to his position as curator, was Hubbs 1930-1935 the first director of the Institute for Fisheries Research in the Department of Conservation of Michigan. His research interests were the regional fauna, mortality, water pollution, growth and predatory behavior of fish. During his work at the University of Michigan Hubbs has published over 300 articles, almost all dealing with fish. In addition to the U.S. Ichthyofauna Hubbs studied a large collection of Japanese fish species.
From 1944 Hubbs taught biology at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, San Diego, where he was replaced by Francis Sumner Bertody 1969. From 1969 to 1979 he had a position as a professor emeritus.
Due to the limitations of the Second World War, the Scripps Institution was forced her research ship to the United States Army for rent, what the research possibilities considerably restricted. 1946 Hubbs got the film actor Errol Flynn, who was himself the son of a marine biologist, the one offering the yacht " Zaca " to travel to Guadeloupe, where he discovered the endemic biodiversity of the island.
After the war Hubbs conducted research in the areas of commercial fishing and sport fishing. He observed the changes in the population structure of fish as a function of the temperature fluctuations in the Pacific Ocean. On the basis of mollusc shells, he studied ancient climates. His research led 1957 establishing a laboratory that was responsible for the dating of archaeological and geological samples. Hubbs 1973 bequeathed his collection of the Archaeological Museum of Man in San Diego.
Scientific work and Memberships
Hubbs published 712 publications. He first studied the ichthyofauna of the Great Lakes, but after moving to La Jolla, he expanded his research on marine fauna, including mammals, from. Hubbs worked as an active consultant, both in articles for popular science magazines and for the Encyclopædia Britannica as for radio broadcasts. Between 1920 and 1930 he made the public aware of the protection of habitats for marine mammals. For his contributions to environmental protection he received the Gold Medal from the San Diego Natural History Society. Hubbs was a member of several scientific societies, including the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, the Wildlife Society and the Linnean Society of London. He has received numerous awards from the Academy of Natural Sciences and the California Academy of Sciences.
Dedikationsnamen
Hubbs is the epithet of five species of fish, honored numerous species of fish, a lichen genus and type, two mollusc species of crab species, three species of cave- living arthropods and two insect species. In addition, the Hubbs - beaked wear ( Mesoplodon carlhubbsi ), the fossil Wellenläuferart Oceanodroma hubbsi and the parched Lake Hubbs in Nevada his name.