Carl Maria von Weber

Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber (born 18 or November 19, 1786 in Eutin, Schleswig -Holstein, † June 5, 1826 in London ) was a German composer, conductor and pianist.

• 3.1 operas
• 3.2 Stage Music
• 3.3 songs
• 3.4 Sacred Works
• 3.5 Vocal works with orchestra
• 3.6 Concerts
• 3.7 Orchestral works
• 3.8 Chamber Music
• 3.9 Piano Music

Life

His mother's family, the opera singer and actress Genevieve Weber, came from market Oberndorf in Bavarian Swabia; the paternal ancestors came from Stetten ( Lörrach ). Carl Maria von Weber was born on 18 November 1786 in Eutin. Weber's father Franz Anton von Weber, who had probably introduced the nobility itself, worked as an officer, official, musician and conductor. He founded a theater company and was traveling theater director.

The young Weber, a cousin of Mozart's wife Constanze, was awarded the first, decisive music lessons in piano, harmony, and counterpoint of chamber musician Johann Peter Heuschkel, who was employed in the chapel of Hildburghäuser Duke Frederick as an organist, pianist and oboist. ( :; Singing Valesi artist name), and Johann Nepomuk Kalcher (composition) More teachers Webers were in Munich Johann Evangelist Wallis Hauser. Johann Michael Haydn, brother of Joseph Haydn, and the well-traveled Abbé Georg Joseph Vogler were his most important mentors during the period of training as a composer and musician.

From 1804 to 1806 Weber was Kapellmeister in Breslau. Here the eighteen year old has introduced what today has its validity in the opera houses: the orchestra seating arrangement and the sample flow from the solo rehearsal with the singers of the ensemble rehearsals, the orchestra seat samples ( with singers, but without scene ) to the main and rehearsal.

From September 1806 to February 1807 Weber Kapellmeister at the court of Duke Eugen of Württemberg, who lived in a castle in Carlsruhe (now Pokój near Opole in Poland). In 1808 he fell in love with Margaret Lang and fell into debt because of them. Due to this affair and embezzlement of his father both were banished from Württemberg. In the following time Weber lived regardless of the various concert tours, one of which led him a 1810 to Mannheim, as a pianist in Munich, Leipzig and Berlin, and at the court in Gotha and Weimar. Between 1813 and 1816 he was director of the opera at the Estates Theatre in Prague, in 1817 Royal Kapellmeister and Director of the German opera at Dresden Court Theatre. The Italian opera department of the Court Opera headed Francesco Morlacchi that developed a bitter opponent Weber.

Dresden

His appeal to Dresden Weber owed ​​the director of the musical chapel and the two theaters, Carl Heinrich Graf Vitzthum of Eckstadt ( 1770-1837 ). Under strong resistances of the Saxon King and the Minister Count Einsiedel Graf Vitzthum had to enforce the appeal weaver. The introduction of the German opera in Dresden, in contrast to the hitherto exclusively preferred Italian opera is due to Graf Vitzthum.

On January 30, 1817 Weber opened (to his great annoyance, initially only in the capacity as director of music ) with a performance of Méhul Joseph ( under the title of Jacob and his sons ) the new German Department of the Dresden Court Theatre. In Dresden Weber led his started in Wroclaw and Prague opera reforms of performance practice. The enforcement of the baton was Weber's work. Until then, the conductor had led from the piano or harpsichord from the performances and, only now and the Inserts.

In 1817 he married the singer Caroline Brandt ( 1796-1852 ). Their son, Max Maria von Weber was an important railway engineer of the 19th century ( like his father in music, he created there many foundations ), a well known author and also the first biographer of his father.

His most famous opera Der Freischütz was 1817-1820 in Dresden and was first performed on 18 June 1821 Weber's lead in the Berlin Schauspielhaus am Gendarmenmarkt successful.

That was also a great writer Carl Maria von Weber, is less known. His musical and dramaturgical articles found then the audience with great interest. His literary essays, seals and short stories are characterized by their polished language, their ideas and their reminiscent of Heinrich Heine wit from.

In today's district of Dresden Pillnitz Hosterwitz at the Carl -Maria -von- Weber- Museum. He stayed there with his wife Caroline in the summer months of the years 1818/19 and 1823/24 and wrote substantial parts of the opera Euryanthe and Oberon. In winter Weber lived in the city of Dresden in the Old Market House 9

Weber went to the premiere of Oberon on April 12, 1826 London. Although his health was severely weakened, he conducted three performances of this opera. He died a short time later of tuberculosis. On June 21, 1826, he was buried in a lead coffin in a tomb of the Roman Catholic Church of St Mary Moorfields in London; during the funeral was led to Mozart's Requiem. 18 years later Richard Wagner led the transformation of Weber's coffin to Dresden. There Weber was buried at the Old Catholic Cemetery.

Since 1951, refer to Weber's birthplace Eutin, in a ( by Prof. Paul Pete Rich created ) bust in Weber grove reminiscent of the composer, annual festival in his honor instead. Since 2007, the Festival Eutiner organize additional year-round chamber music concerts which are primarily committed and the care of Weber's work.

Curiosities

For a stay in Hamburg Weber met his wife on sailors, the capuchin monkeys offered for sale.

" One of them, a little dearest, hardly exciting high Capuzineraffe, was so gracious, so cut characterful faces, scratched so deeply serious and concern behind his ear that Caroline exclaimed: I must have that looks south ... too similar ' "

Weber bought the monkey, which he called snarf Weber and had in Hamburg and later in Dresden at his side. Especially in Dresden he made with his pet sensation. The tame monkeys dedicated to the sculptor Joachim Zehme an epitaph. A reproduction of the stone is now on the wall of Hosterwitzer church Maria am Wasser.

Works (selection)

The abbreviation " J. " here refers not to the work directory that Friedrich Wilhelm Jähns has brought out in 1871 in Berlin. In the future, the work directory numbers of the new Carl Maria von Weber Complete Edition will be valid.

Operas

• The power of love and wine, J. Appendix 6, 1798; Weber's first opera, composed in Munich, is lost.
• The silent forest Girl, J. Appendix 1, opera in 2 acts, text by Karl Ritter von Steinberg. UA 1800 lost in Freiberg, further performances in Chemnitz December 4, 1800 and Vienna 4th Dezember 1804. Except for two vocal numbers.
• Rubezahl, J. 44-46, opera in 2 lifts. Text by J. G. Rohde. Fragment, 1804. Obtaining is only the later fashioned Overture Ruler of the Spirits.
• Peter Schmoll and his Neighbours, J. 8, UA 1802; Libretto by Joseph Turk
• Silvana, J. 87, UA 1810; Libretto by Franz Carl Hiemer, to a libretto The Forest Girl
• Abu Hassan, J. 106; UA 1811; Libretto by Franz Carl Hiemer
• Der Freischütz, Op 77 J. 277, UA 1821; Libretto by Johann Friedrich Kind
• The Three Pintos, originated approximately 1821-1824, UA posthumously in 1888; Libretto by Theodor Hell [ Karl Winkler ]. Unfinished. Text revision by Carl Maria von Weber and Gustav Mahler, who has left the factory with Weber ' compositions supplemented and orchestrated music.
• Euryanthe op 81 J. 291, UA 1823; Libretto by Helmina of Chezy
• Oberon or The Elf King's Oath (English title: " Oberon" ) J. 306, UA 1826; Libretto by James Robinson Planché, by Christoph Martin Wieland

Music for the Stage

(Selection)

• Preciosa, J. 279, UA 1821; Music for the play by Pius Alexander Wolff by Cervantes; Choreography of the dances of Constantin Michel Telle. Overture and 11 musical numbers.
• Turandot, op.37; J.75, 1809; Play by Friedrich Schiller by Gozzi. Overture and six musical numbers.
• King Yngurd, J.214, 1817; Music for the tragedy by A. Muellner. 10 musical numbers and an unaccompanied song for mezzo-soprano: " Do not let the boy The Raven '.
• . Henri IV King of France, J. 257, 1818; Music for the tragedy by Edward Go. 8 musical numbers.
• Love reciprocated, J. 246, 1818; Music for the play by Anton Rublack. 4 vocal numbers, march and melodrama.

Songs

• More than 90 solo songs, plus numerous polyphonic songs and canons and vocal duets with guitar or piano accompaniment (see links).

Sacred Works

• Mass No. 1 in E flat major J. 224 ( " Freischütz fair" ) ( 1818)
• Mass No. 2 in G major, Op 76 J. 251 ( "Jubilation Mass" ) ( 1818-19 )

Vocal works with orchestra

• Cantata The first note for choir ( SATB) and orchestra, Op 14 J. 58 ( 1808 / revised 1810)
• Recitative and Rondo Il momento s'avvicina for soprano and orchestra, Op 16 J. 93 (1810 )
• Anthem In its order, the Lord provides for soloists ( SATB), chorus ( SATB) and orchestra, Op 36 J. 154 (1812 )
• Cantata struggle and victory for soloists ( SATB), chorus ( SATB) and orchestra, Op 44 J. 190 (1815 )
• Scene and Aria of Athaliah Misera me! for soprano and orchestra, Op 50 J. 121 (1811 )
• Jubilee Cantata for the 50th royal jubilee of King Frederick Augustus I of Saxony for soloists ( SATB), chorus ( SATB) and orchestra, Op 58 J. 244 (1818 )

Concerts

• Piano Concerto No. 1 in C major op 11 J. 98 ( 1810)
• Piano Concerto No. 2 in E flat major op 32 J. 155 (1812 )
• Bassoon Concerto in F major, Op 75 for J. 127 ( 1811 / revised 1822)
• Clarinet Concerto No. 1 in F minor, Op 73 J. 114 (1811 )
• Clarinet Concerto No. 2 in E flat major, op 74 J. 118 (1811 )
• Grand Pot- Pourri for Cello and Orchestra in D major op.20 J. 64 (1808 )
• Concertino for Clarinet and Orchestra in E flat major op 26 J. 109 (1811 )
• Concertino for Horn and Orchestra in E minor op 45 J. 188 ( 1806 / reworked 1815)
• Concert Piece for Piano and Orchestra in F minor op 79 J. 282 (1821 )
• Romanza siciliana for flute and orchestra J. 47 (1805 )
• Six Variations on the Theme A Schüsserl and a Reind'rl for alto viola and orchestra J. 49 ( 1800/revidiert 1806)
• Andante and Rondo Ungarese for the Alt viola and orchestra J. 79 (1809 )
• Variations for Cello and Orchestra in D minor, J. 94 ( 1810)
• Adagio and Rondo for Harmonichord ( harmonium ) and Orchestra in F Major J. 115 (1811 )
• Andante and Rondo Ungarese for Bassoon and Orchestra in C minor op 35 J. 158 (1813 ) revision of J. 79

Orchestral works

• Symphony No. 1 in C major op 19 J. 50 (1807 )
• Symphony No. 2 in C major, J. 51 (1807 )
• Overture to Peter Schmoll op 8 J. 54 (1807 ), also known as Overture in Eb or Concert Overture
• Overture to the Ruler of the Spirits, Op 27 J. 122 (1811 )
• Jubilee Overture, Op 59 J. 245 (1818 )
• German J.185 (1815 )
• Tedesco J. 191 (1816)

Chamber Music

• Six Violin Sonatas Op 10 Six Sonatas progressive pour le Pianoforte avec Violon obligé dédiées aux Amateurs J. 99-104 (1810 )
• Nine Variations on a Norwegian Aria for Violin and Piano, Op 22 J. 61 (1808 )
• Seven Variations for Clarinet and Piano, Op 33 J. 128 " Silvana Variations" (1811 )
• Grand Duo concertant for Clarinet and Piano in E flat major, Op 48 J. 204 (1816 )
• Divertimento assai facile for guitar and piano in C major, Op 38 J. 207 (1816 /17)
• Trio for Flute, Cello and Piano in G minor, Op 63 J. 259 (1819 )
• Piano Quartet in B flat major, J. 76 ( 1806/ 09)
• Clarinet Quintet in B flat major, Op 34 J. 182 (1815 )

Piano music

• Piano Sonata No. 1 in C major op 24 J. 138 (1812 )
• Piano Sonata No. 2 in A flat major, Op 39 J. 199 (1816 )
• Piano Sonata No. 3 in D minor, Opus 49 J. 206 ( 1816)
• Piano Sonata No. 4 in E minor, Opus 70 J. 287 (1822 )
• Six Fugues op 1 yr 1-6 ( 1798)
• Momento Capriccioso in B flat major, Op 12 J. 56 (1808 )
• Grande Polonaise in E flat major, Op 21 J. 59 (1808 )
• Rondo Brilliant in E flat major, Op 62 J. 252 (1819 )
• Invitation to the Dance Rondo brillant in D flat major, Op 65 J. 260 (1819 )
• Polacca brilliant E major op 72 J. 268 (1819 ) ( orchestrated version by Franz Liszt)
• 12 allemandes op 4 J. 15-26 (1801 )
• Six Variations on an Original Theme, Op 2 J. 7 (1800)
• Eight Variations on a Theme by Abbé Vogler op 5 J. 40 (1804 )
• Six Variations Op 6 J. 43 (1804 )
• Seven Variations on Vien quà, Dorina bella op 7 J. 53 (1807 )
• Seven Variations on an Original Theme, Op 9 J. 55 (1808 )
• Seven Variations on the romance A peine au sortir de l' enfance op.28 J. 141 (1812 )
• Variations on Beautiful Minka, Op 40 J. 179 (1815 )
• Seven Variations on a Gypsy Song, Op 55 J. 219 (1817 )
• Six Pieces for Piano 4 hands, Op 3 J. 9-14 (1801 )
• Six Pieces for Piano 4 hands, Op 10 J. 81-86 (1809 )
• Eight Pieces for Piano 4 hands, Op 10 J. 81-86
• Eight Pieces for Piano 4 hands, Op 60 J. 248, 264, 253, 242, 236, 265, 266, 254 (1819 )